The first broad overview of conservation needs of Australia's largely endemic freshwater insects, drawing on examples and information from many parts of the world to illustrate and develop needs and practical prospects for conservation in inland water environments. The wide variety of those environments in Australia and their diverse insect inhabitants - many of them highly localised and ecologically specialised and vulnerable - and threats to them is illustrated.  Case histories demonstrate the different aspects of practical conservation management that may be possible in different contexts, and numerous references facilitate understanding by non-specialist readers and non-entomologist conservation managers and practitioners. 

1. Introduction: aquatic insects in Australia's environments

1.1. The background to concern
References
2. Major habitats
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Ponds and lakes
2.3. Streams and rivers
References
3. Australian inland waters
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Waterfalls
3.3. Subterranean aquifers
3.4. Rock pools
3.5. Mound springs
3.6. Lakes
3.7. Billabongs
3.8. Streams and rivers
3.9. Exposed riverine sediments
References
4. Monitoring freshwater macroinvertebrates
4.1. Scope and needs for assessments
References
5. Threats: the background variations in condition
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Drought
5.3. Flood
References
6. Major imposed threats
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Water temperature
6.3. Sedimentation
6.3.1. Mining
6.4. Pollution
6.5. Salinisation
6.6. Exploitation
6.7. Electrofishing
6.8. Changes to riparian vegetation
6.8.1. Emergent vegetation
6.9. Alien species
6.9.1. Plants
6.9.2. Fish
6.9.3. Mammals
6.10. River regulation
6.11. Fire
6.12. Urbanisation
6.13. Recreation
6.14. Ecological traps
6.15. Climate change
References
7. Macroinvertebrates of inland waters
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The variety of aquatic insects
7.3. Other macroinvertebrates
7.3.1. Crustaceans
7.3.2. Molluscs
References
8. Insects of Australia's inland waters
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Ephemeroptera
8.3. Odonata
8.4. Plecoptera
8.5. Hemiptera
8.6. Coleoptera
8.7. Mecoptera
8.8. Megaloptera
8.9. Neuroptera
8.10. Lepidoptera
8.11. Trichoptera
8.12. Diptera
8.12.1. Control of aquatic pest flies
References
9. Australia's flagship freshwater insects
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Selected flagship taxa
References
10. Ecology and management
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Dispersal
10.2.1. Impacts of urban lighting
10.2.2. Pond colonization
References
11. Conservation
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Protected areas
   11.3. Management and restoration
11.4. Fish conservation
11.5. Education and involvement
11.6. Artificial water bodies
11.7. Temporary ponds
11.8. Intermittent streams
11.9. Stormwater retention ponds
11.10. Refuges
11.11. Woody debris
11.12. Riparian zones
11.13. Perspective and prospects
References
Appendix 1
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