Klinefelter's syndrome occurs relatively frequently, being diagnosed for one in 600 male infants, yet it is probably very rare that it is recognized early enough to make effective treatment possible. Often the person afflicted does not go to a doctor until physical and emotional disturbances have developed on the ba sis of the syndrome. The appropriate therapy at the correct time can prevent many of these disturbances. In our andrology outpatient clinic we encountered Klinefelter's syndrome almost three decades ago in patients suffering from impotentia generandi. It was not until later that we dealt with it in our capacities as dematologists. It was observed at a rate too high to be coincidental among younger men suffer ing from ulcera crurum. On the other hand, we failed to see the condition during our work as con sultants in other specialities, especially internal medicine, although we re peatedly attempted to identify it. We should have encountered it at least occa sionally in our 10 years working in the Munich hospitals with their more than 4000 beds. It was this imbalance between the allegedly relative frequency of this condition and its rare detection which led us to plan a Klinefelter sympo sium. We soon determined, during a first search of the literature, that there was information in many more subject areas that we had expected or even guessed.

Background, Recognition and Description of the Syndrome

Incidence of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Genetics and Cytogenetics of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Klinefelter's Syndrome in Prenatal Diagnosis: Incidence and Consequences for Genetic Counselling
Klinefelter's Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria in Childhood
Klinefelter's Syndrome in Children - A Longitudinal Study of 47, XXX Boys Identified by Population Screening
The Clinical Appearance of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Osteoporosis and Klinefelter's Syndrome
Functional Characteristics of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Unit in Klinefelter's Syndrome (Pituitary Hormone Release in Response to Exogenous Estradiol
Lower Leg Ulcers in Klinefelter's Syndrome
Taurodontism in Klinefelter's Syndrome
Dermatoglyphics of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Immune Competence in Patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Klinefelter's Syndrome
Klinefelter's Syndrome and Testicular Tumors
Breast Carcinoma in Association with the Klinefelter's Syndrome
Klinefelter's Syndrome and Leukemia: Coincidence or Association?
Histology of Testes in Klinefelter's Syndrome
Ultrastructure of the Testis in Klinefelter's Syndrome
E. Fink Spermatological Investigations in Men with Klinefelter's Syndrome
Sexual Behavior in Klinefelter's Syndrome
The Importance of Early Diagnosis of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Psychiatric Aspects of Klinefelter's Syndrome in Adolescence
Psychiatric Disorders in Relation to Klinefelter's Syndrome
Testosterone Substitution Therapy
XXY Syndrome in Domestic Animals: Homologues to Klinefelter's Syndrome in Man.