2;177667_1_En_Part1_Chapter_OnlinePDF;16 2.1;Part I: Phospholipases;16 3;177667_1_En_1_Chapter_OnlinePDF;17 3.1;Phospholipase A in Plant Signal Transduction;17 3.1.1;Structure and Function of sPLA2sPLA2 in Plants;18 3.1.2;Animal cPLA2 as Role Model for Signal Transduction;19 3.1.3;Structure and Function of pPLA2PLA2pPLA2s in Plants;20 3.1.3.1;Structure and Enzymatic Properties of pPLA2PLA2patatinpPLA2structure and properties;20 3.1.3.2;Function of pPLA2 in Auxinauxin Signal Transduction;22 3.1.3.3;Function of pPLA2 in Pathogen Defencepathogen defencepPLA2 Signaling;25 3.1.4;Plant PLA1PLA1;28 3.1.5;Biological Activities of Free Fatty Acids and Lysolipids, the Hydrolysis Products of pPLA2pPLA2;28 3.1.6;References;30 4;177667_1_En_2_Chapter_OnlinePDF;37 4.1;The Emerging Roles of Phospholipase C in Plant Growth and Development;37 4.1.1;Introduction;37 4.1.2;Phospholipase C in Plants;38 4.1.2.1;Phosphatidylcholine-Cleaving Phospholipase C;38 4.1.2.2;Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C (PI-PLCPI-PLC);41 4.1.3;Roles of PI-PLCs in Plants;42 4.1.3.1;The Molecular Role of PI-PLC: Insights from Pollen Tube Growthpollen Tube GrowthPLC;43 4.1.4;Conclusions and Perspectives;47 4.1.5;References;48 5;177667_1_En_3_Chapter_OnlinePDF;52 5.1;Plant Phospholipase D;52 5.1.1;Introduction;52 5.1.2;The Expanding PLDPLDgene architecturePLDdomain structure Family and Domain Structures;53 5.1.3;Different Biochemical Properties and Activity Regulation Among PLDPLDactivityPLDbiochemical propertiess;55 5.1.4;PLDPLDregulation Interaction with and Regulation by Proteins;57 5.1.5;Subcellular Distribution and Expression Patterns;58 5.1.6;Cellular and Physiological Functions;60 5.1.6.1;PLDPLDseed germinationPLDABA and PAPAABA in ABAABAPLD Effects on Stomatal MovementsStomatal MovementsPLDStomatal MovementsPA a;60 5.1.6.2;PLDPLDauxin in AuxinAuxinPLD Transport and Growth Responses;63 5.1.6.3;PLDPLDethylene in Ethylene and Cytokinin Response;64 5.1.6.4;PLDPLDplant defence in Plant-Pathogen InteractionsPlant-Pathogen InteractionsDGKPlant-Pathogen InteractionsPLDPlant-Pat;64 5.1.6.5;Different Roles of PLDPLDfreezing tolerances in Freezing TolerancePlant-Pathogen InteractionsDGKPlant-Pathogen InteractionsPLD;65 5.1.6.6;PLDPLDPi starvations in Plant Response to Phosphorus Deficiency;67 5.1.6.7;PLDPLDsalt stresss in Plant Response to SaltSalt stressPLD and Hyperosmotic Stressosmotic StressPLD;67 5.1.7;Multiple Functions of PLDPLDbiotechnology and Implications in Biotechnology;68 5.1.8;Perspectives;69 5.1.9;References;70 6;177667_1_En_Part2_Chapter_OnlinePDF;76 6.1;Part II: Kinases;76 7;177667_1_En_4_Chapter_OnlinePDF;77 7.1;Phosphatidylinositol 4-PhosphatePhosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate (PtdIns4P) is Required for Tip GrowthTip Growth in Arabidopsi;77 7.1.1;Introduction;77 7.1.1.1;PPIs in Membrane Trafficking;77 7.1.1.2;PtdIns4PPtdIns4Pmetabolism Metabolism;78 7.1.2;The PI4K Family in A. thaliana;78 7.1.2.1;AtPI4Kbeta-Group Members are Required for Tip GrowthTip GrowthPI4K;81 7.1.3;PtdIns4PPtdIns4Pphosphatases Phosphatases in A. thaliana;82 7.1.4;Imaging PtdIns4PPtdIns4Pimaging in Tip-Growing Cellslipid biosensors;84 7.1.5;References;86 8;177667_1_En_5_Chapter_OnlinePDF;90 8.1;PIP-KinasePIP-kinases as Key Regulators of Plant Function;90 8.1.1;Phosphatidylinositol-Bisphosphates and Their Function in Eukaryotic Cells;90 8.1.2;PIP-Kinases Generate Regulatory Phosphatidylinositol-Bisphosphates;91 8.1.3;PIP-KinasePIP-kinasegene family Arabidopsis Gene Families in Arabidopsis thaliana;93 8.1.3.1;Type I PIP-Kinases;93 8.1.3.2;Type II PIP-Kinases;95 8.1.3.3;Type III PIP-Kinases;95 8.1.4;PIP-KinasePIP-kinasegene expressions Have Distinct Organ-Specific Expression Patterns;96 8.1.5;Physiological Functions of PIP-KinasePIP-kinasephysiological functionss;96 8.1.5.1;PIP-KinasePIP-kinaseguard cell functions and Guard Cellguard cellPIPK Function;96 8.1.5.2;PIP-Kinases, Cell Polarity and Polar Growth of Plant Cells;97 8.1.6;PIP-Kinases and Their Signaling Environment;98 8.1.6.1