1;Copyright Page;5 2;Preface;6 3;Contents;8 4;1: Mineralogy of Asbestos;14 4.1;1.1 Introduction and Historical Background;14 4.2;1.2 Geologic and Mineralogic Features;15 4.3;1.3 Distribution and Physicochemical Properties of Chrysotile;17 4.4;1.4 Distribution and Physicochemical Properties of the Amphibole Species;20 4.5;1.5 Identification and Characterization of Asbestos;22 4.6;References;23 5;2: Epidemiology of Mesothelioma and Historical Background;25 5.1;References;35 6;3: Imaging of Mesothelioma;38 6.1;3.1 Introduction;38 6.2;3.2 Patterns of Presentation and Imaging Features;39 6.3;3.3 Preoperative Evaluation of MPM;40 6.4;3.4 Postoperative Evaluation;47 6.5;3.5 Unresectable Disease;47 6.6;3.6 Future Directions;49 6.7;3.7 Summary;52 6.8;References;52 7;4: Biopsy Techniques for the Diagnosis of Mesothelioma;55 7.1;4.1 Introduction;55 7.2;4.2 Clinical Presentation;56 7.3;4.3 Investigation of Pleural Effusion;56 7.3.1;4.3.1 Cytology;56 7.4;4.4 Investigation of Pleural Thickening with No Effusion;57 7.5;4.5 Percutaneous Pleural Biopsy Techniques;57 7.5.1;4.5.1 Abrams Needle;57 7.5.2;4.5.2 Radiologically Guided Percutaneous Pleural Biopsy;58 7.5.3;4.5.3 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CT;59 7.6;4.6 Thoracoscopy;59 7.6.1;4.6.1 Local Anaesthetic Thoracoscopy;60 7.6.2;4.6.2 Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery;61 7.7;4.7 Open Biopsy;62 7.8;4.8 Prophylactic Radiotherapy;62 7.9;References;63 8;5: Pathohistological Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis;66 8.1;5.1 Introduction;67 8.2;5.2 Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura;67 8.2.1;5.2.1 Morphology;67 8.2.1.1;5.2.1.1 Macroscopy and Tumour Spread;67 8.2.1.2;5.2.1.2 Histological Patterns;68 8.2.1.2.1;Epithelioid Mesothelioma;68 8.2.1.2.2;Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma;69 8.2.1.2.3;Biphasic Mesothelioma;69 8.2.1.2.4;Rare Forms of Mesothelioma;69 8.3;5.3 Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma and Pleural Metastases;70 8.3.1;5.3.1 Morphological Differences;70 8.3.2;5.3.2 Immunohistochemistry;71 8.3.2.1;5.3.2.1 Important Markers for Differential Diagnosis;71 8.3.2.1.1;Pancytokeratin;71 8.3.2.1.2;CK 5/6;71 8.3.2.1.3;Calretinin;72 8.3.2.1.4;WT-1;72 8.3.2.1.5;D2-40;72 8.3.2.1.6;TTF-1;73 8.3.2.1.7;BerEP4;73 8.3.2.1.8;MOC-31;73 8.3.2.1.9;BG8;73 8.3.2.1.10;Claudin;73 8.3.2.2;5.3.2.2 Conclusions Immunohistochemistry;73 8.4;5.4 Reactive Versus Neoplastic Mesothelial Proliferation;74 8.5;5.5 Primary Pleural Tumours Other than Malignant Mesothelioma;75 8.5.1;5.5.1 Peritoneal Mesothelioma;76 8.5.1.1;5.5.1.1 Pathohistological Diagnosis;76 8.5.1.1.1;Macroscopy;76 8.5.1.1.2;Microscopy;77 8.5.2;5.5.2 Malignant Mesothelioma of Tunica Vaginalis Testis;78 8.5.3;5.5.3 Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma;78 8.5.4;5.5.4 Prognosis and Predictive Factors;79 8.5.5;5.5.5 Differential Diagnosis;80 8.5.6;5.5.6 Benign Lesions;80 8.5.6.1;5.5.6.1 Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma;80 8.5.6.2;5.5.6.2 Adenomatoid Tumour;80 8.5.7;5.5.7 Malignant Lesions;81 8.5.7.1;5.5.7.1 Peritoneal Metastases;81 8.5.7.2;5.5.7.2 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP);81 8.5.7.3;5.5.7.3 Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma;81 8.5.7.4;5.5.7.4 Primary Peritoneal Borderline Tumour;82 8.5.8;5.5.8 Immunohistochemistry;82 8.6;5.6 Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma/Metastases of Serous Ovarian Cancer Versus Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma;83 8.7;References;84 9;6: Mesothelioma and Analysis of Tissue Fiber Content;88 9.1;6.1 Introduction;89 9.2;6.2 Techniques for Analysis of Pulmonary Mineral-Fiber Content;91 9.2.1;6.2.1 Lung Tissue Digests;91 9.3;6.3 Methods for Mineral Fiber Analysis;92 9.3.1;6.3.1 Light Microscopy (LM);92 9.3.2;6.3.2 Electron Microscopy;92 9.3.3;6.3.3 Comparability of Results Generated by Light or Electron Microscopy;93 9.3.4;6.3.4 Reference Population and Background Lung Asbestos Burden;93 9.3.5;6.3.5 Asbestos Bodies and Fiber Counting;93 9.4;6.4 Asbestos Lung Tissue Content in Patients with Mesothelioma;94 9.4.1;6.4.1 Light Microscopy;94 9.4.2;6.4.2 Electron Microscopy;95 9.4.3;6.4.3 Asbestos Content and Fiber Dimension