1;Maritime Container Port Security;2 1.1;Acknowledgements;6 1.2;Contents;8 1.3;Abbreviations;10 1.4;List of Figures;13 1.5;List of Tables;14 1.6;List of Equations;16 2;1 Introduction;17 2.1;References;24 3;2 Maritime Security Measures and the Container Security Initiative (CSI);29 3.1;Development of Maritime Security;30 3.1.1;Maritime Security;33 3.1.1.1;Terrorism Threats;34 3.1.1.1.1;Container Cargo;35 3.1.1.1.2;Vessels;37 3.1.1.1.3;People;38 3.1.1.1.4;Financing and Logistics Support;38 3.1.2;Overview of Maritime Security Programmes;38 3.2;The Introduction of the CSI;40 3.2.1;US Customs and Border Protection (CBP);40 3.2.2;The Establishment of the CSI;43 3.2.3;The CSI Strategic Goals and Core Elements;45 3.2.4;Joining the CSI;46 3.2.4.1;CSI Three Phases Implementation;49 3.2.5;The CSI Positive Implications for Seaborne Trade;52 3.2.5.1;Trade Facilitation;52 3.2.5.2;Establishment of a Collaborative Network;54 3.2.5.2.1;Maritime Security Measure's Implications for the Maritime Sector;56 3.2.6;Financing and Costs Associated with Maritime Security Measures;57 3.2.6.1;Ex-Ante Costs Assessment;57 3.2.6.2;Ex-Post Costs Assessment;59 3.2.6.3;The Implications of CSI Compliance Cost for Different Stakeholders;60 3.2.6.3.1;Port Authorities;61 3.2.6.3.2;Carriers;62 3.2.6.3.3;Exporters;62 3.2.7;Operational and Logistical Efficiency;64 3.3;References;66 4;3 Port Competition;74 4.1;Port Competition;74 4.2;Container Port Competition and Port Competitiveness;76 4.3;Port Selection;80 4.3.1;Port Competition and Port Selection at Regional Level;81 4.3.2;Determinants of Port Competitiveness;83 4.3.3;Port Efficiency;85 4.3.3.1;Port Ownership Structure and Port Efficiency;87 4.3.3.2;Port Size and Port Efficiency;89 4.3.4;Port Service;89 4.3.5;Other Issues;91 4.4;References;92 5;4 Models of Container Port Security;101 5.1;Conceptual Model;101 5.1.1;Maritime Transport Risk Factors;103 5.1.2;Maritime Security Measures;104 5.1.2.1;Financing and Costs;105 5.1.2.2;Efficiency;105 5.1.3;The CSI and Its Controversial Effects;106 5.1.4;EU Container Seaport Competition;107 5.2;Conceptual Assumptions;109 5.2.1;Conceptual Category 1: The Necessity of Pursuing Maritime Security Initiatives;109 5.2.2;Conceptual Category 2: Introduction of the CSI and Its Controversial Influences;110 5.2.3;Conceptual Category 3: Determinants of EU Container Seaport Competitiveness;111 5.2.4;Conceptual Category 4: The Implications of the CSI for EU Container Seaport Competition;111 5.3;References;114 6;5 Research Methodology for Container Port Security;118 6.1;Research Strategy and Method;118 6.1.1;Research Methods and Port Competitiveness Studies;119 6.1.2;The Choice of Qualitative Approach for This Research;119 6.1.3;Primary and Secondary Data Collection;120 6.1.4;Rationale for Adopting a Delphi Technique as the Qualitative Approach;121 6.1.5;The Origins and Use of Delphi;123 6.1.6;Characteristics of the Delphi Technique;125 6.1.6.1;Types of Delphi;126 6.2;Delphi Method Adopted;128 6.2.1;The Criticisms of Delphi;128 6.2.2;The Delphi Study Process;129 6.2.3;Panellist Formation;132 6.2.3.1;Panellists with Different Backgrounds;132 6.2.3.2;Panel Size;133 6.2.3.3;Process of Panel Selection;134 6.2.3.3.1;Academic Panellist Selection;134 6.2.3.3.2;Industrial Panellist Selection;136 6.2.3.3.3;Administrative Panellist Selection;137 6.2.4;Other Issues in Delphi Design;138 6.3;Survey Method for Identification of EU Port Competitiveness;140 6.4;Delphi Conceptual Statements and Rationale;142 6.4.1;Delphi Conceptual Category, Assumption and Statements;143 6.5;Outlining Delphi Design and Process;151 6.5.1;Consensus Level;153 6.5.2;Average Percentage of Majority Opinions (APMO);154 6.6;Research Ethics;156 6.7;References;157 7;6 The Delphi Research Process;169 7.1;Pilot Delphi Study;170 7.2;The Delphi Survey;171 7.2.1;Panel Participation;172 7.2.2;Size and Structure of Panel;173 7.3;Analysis of Delphi Round One;175 7.3.1;Consensus Reached After Round One;176 7.3.2;Reformulation of Statements for