This series ofbooks on the biotechnology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants provides a survey of the literature focusing on recent information and the state of the art in tissue culture and the in vitro production of secondary metabolites. This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII, like the previous seven volumes published in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, and 1994, is unique in its approach. It comprises 26 chapters dealing with the distribution, importance, conventional propagation, micropropagation, tissue culture studies and the in vitro production of important medicinal and pharmaceutical compounds in various species of Achillea, Anethum, Aquilaria, Arnica, Aspergillus, Astragalus, Catalpa, Chelidonium, Eremo phila, Eucalyptus, Eucommia, Geranium, Heterocentron, Hypericum, Maclura, Morinda, Mortierella, Nicotiana, Phaseolus, Pinellia, Piqueria, Psorales, Rhodiola, Sanguisorba, Valeriana, and Vancouveria. This book is tailored to the needs of advanced students, teachers, and research scientists in the field of pharmacy, plant tissue culture, phytochemistry, biochemical engineering, and plant biotechnology in general. New Delhi, July 1995 Professor Y. P. S. BAJAJ Series Editor Contents I Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium (Yarrow): In Vitro Culture and Production of Essential Oils A. C. FIGUEIREDO, M. S. S. PAIS, and J. J. c. SCHEFFER (With 9 Figures) 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Ultrastructural Study of the Glandular Trichomes and Cell Suspension Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Composition of the Essential Oils of A. millefolium In Vivo and In Vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 Summary and Conc1usion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 II Anethum graveolens L.

I Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium (Yarrow): In Vitro Culture and Production of Essential Oils

II Anethum graveolens L. (Dill): In Vitro Culture and Metabolism of Volatile Constituents
III Aquilaria Species: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Eaglewood (Agarwood)
IV Arnica montana (Mountain Arnica): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Other Secondary Metabolites
V Aspergillus spp.: Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Related Compounds
VI Astragalus Species (Milk Vetch): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Saponins, Astragaline, and Other Biologically Active Compounds
VII Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (Indian Bean): In Vitro Culture, Regeneration of Plants, and the Formation of Iridoids and Phenolic Acids
VIII Chelidonium majus L. (Greater Celandine): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Sanguinarine, Coptisine, and Other Isoquinoline Alkaloids
IX Eremophila Species (Poverty Bush; Emu Bush): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Verbascoside
X Eucalyptus Species: In Vitro Culture and Production of Essential Oils and Other Secondary Metabolites
XI Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Iridoids, Lignans, and Other Secondary Metabolites
XII Geranium thunbergii: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Geraniin and Other Tannins K. Ishimaru
XIII Heterocentron roseum: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Ellagitannins
XIV Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Hypericin and Other Secondary Metabolites
XV Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange): In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Flavonoids and Other Secondary Metabolites
XVI Morinda Species: Biosynthesis of Quinones in Cell Cultures
XVII Mortierella Species (Fungi):Production of C20 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
XVIII Nicotiana glauca: In Vitro Production of Pyridine Alkaloids and Other Secondary Metabolites
XIX Phaseolus Species: In Vitro Culture and the Accumulation of Isoflavone Phytoalexins and Other Secondary Metabolites
XX Pinellia ternata Breit (Chinese name Banhsia): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Alkaloids and Other Secondary Metabolites
XXI Piqueria trinervia Cav. (St. Nicholas Herb): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Piquerol
XXII Psoralea Species: In Vitro Culture and Production of Furanocoumarins and Other Secondary Metabolites
XXIII Rhodiola rosea L. (Roseroot): In Vitro Regeneration and the Biological Activity of Roots
XXIV Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Great Burnet): In Vitro Culture and Production of Sanguiin, Tannins, and Other Secondary Metabolites
XXV Valeriana Species: In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Sesquiterpenes and Valepotriates
XXVI Vancouveria hexandra (Northern Inside-Out Flower): In Vitro Cultures and the Production of Flavonol Glycosides.