A much-needed summary of the importance, synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical sciences, with a focus on gold, silver, copper and platinum nanoparticles. After a brief introduction to the history of metal complexes in medicine and fundamentals of nanotechnology, the chapters continue to describe different methods for preparation of metal nanoparticles. This section is followed by representative presentations of current biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic imaging.
Aimed at stimulating further research in this field, the book serves as an reference guide for academics and professionals working in the field of chemistry and nanotechnology.

Sreekanth Thota is a Visiting Researcher at the Center for Technological Development in Health, Fundac?o Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He studied Pharmaceutical Chemistry at Kakatiya University (India) and Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (Bangalore, India) and obtained his Ph.D from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (India) in 2011. He then did postdoctoral work at Colorado State University, USA. He received the 2013 CAPES-Fiocruz, Visiting Researcher award and has published over 40 articles in peer-reviewed journals. His research interest is focused on the drug discovery, medicinal chemistry, fundamental chemistry and biochemistry of ruthenium and other transition metal ions leading to applications in medicine.

Debbie C. Crans is Professor of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and in the Cell and Molecular Biology Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA. She obtained her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Harvard University with George M. Whitesides, USA, in 1985. She did a postdoctoral fellowship with Orville L. Chapman and Paul D. Boyer at UCLA in 1986. Her research interests lie in biological chemistry with expertise in metals in medicine and coordination chemistry with a focus on transition metals such as vanadium and platinum and interests in membrane model systems and hydrophobic compounds and lipids such as menaquinone. She received the Vanadis Award in 2004 and in the 2015 Cope Scholar Award. She has published over 190 articles in peer-reviewed journals.

1;Cover;1<br />2;Title Page;5<br />3;Copyright;6<br />4;Contents;7<br />5;Chapter 1 Introduction;13<br />5.1;1.1 History of Metal Complexes;13<br />5.1.1;1.1.1 Introduction;13<br />5.1.2;1.1.2 Metal Complexes;13<br />5.1.3;1.1.3 Metal Complexes in Medicine;14<br />5.2;1.2 Nanotechnology;14<br />5.2.1;1.2.1 Introduction;14<br />5.2.2;1.2.2 Development of Nanotechnology;14<br />5.2.3;1.2.3 Nanotechnology in Medicine;15<br />5.3;1.3 Nanoparticles;16<br />5.3.1;1.3.1 Introduction;16<br />5.3.2;1.3.2 Development of Nanoparticles;17<br />5.3.2.1;1.3.2.1 Liposome?Based Nanoparticles;17<br />5.3.2.2;1.3.2.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles;17<br />5.3.2.3;1.3.2.3 Metal Nanoparticles;17<br />5.3.3;1.3.3 Nanoparticles in Science and Medicine;18<br />5.4;1.4 Nanotechnology?Supported Metal Nanoparticles;19<br />5.5;Acknowledgment;19<br />5.6;References;19<br />6;Chapter 2 Methods for Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles;27<br />6.1;2.1 Introduction;276.2;2.2 Methods for Preparation of Metallic NPs;27<br />6.2.1;2.2.1 Physical and Chemical Methods;27<br />6.2.2;2.2.2 Green and Bio?based Strategies;31<br />6.3;2.3 Conclusion;36<br />6.4;References;36<br />7;Chapter 3 Metal Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Agents: A Paradigm Shift in Medicine;45<br />7.1;3.1 Introduction;45<br />7.2;3.2 Metal Nanoparticles in Diagnostics;47<br />7.2.1;3.2.1 Nanoparticles as Biolabels;47<br />7.2.2;3.2.2 Nanoparticulate Detection of Proteins;47<br />7.2.3;3.2.3 Nanobiosensing;48<br />7.2.4;3.2.4 In vivo Imaging;49<br />7.3;3.3 Advanced Drug Delivery;50<br />7.4;3.4 Nanoparticle?Mediated Gene Transfer;51<br />7.5;3.5 Nanotechnology in Regenerative Therapies;53<br />7.5.1;3.5.1 Tissue Engineering and Implants;53<br />7.5.2;3.5.2 Bone Regeneration Materials;53<br />7.5.3;3.5.3 In Dentistry;54<br />7.5.4;3.5.4 Cell Therapy;55<br />7.6;3.6 Nanoparticles-Essential Oils Combination Against Human Pathogens;55<br />7.7;3.7 Conclusion;56<br />7.8;Acknowledgment;56<br />7.9;References;56<br />8;Chapter 4 Nanoparticles for Imaging;61<br />8.1;4.1 Introduction;61<br />8.2;4.2 Nanoparticles;61<br />8.3;4.3 Nanoparticles as Diagnostic Probes;64<br />8.3.1;4.3.1 Nanoparticles as Blood Pool Contrast Agents;64<br />8.3.2;4.3.2 Imaging for MPS;66<br />8.3.3;4.3.3 Cell Labeling and Tracking;69<br />8.3.4;4.3.4 Labeling Implants, Transplants, and Grafts;72<br />8.3.5;4.3.5 Nano? and Microparticles for Molecular Imaging;74<br />8.4;4.4 Nanoparticle?Based Theranostics;79<br />8.4.1;4.4.1 Nanoparticles for Imaging?Guided Interventions;79<br />8.4.2;4.4.2 Nano? or Microparticles for Imaging?Guided Hyperthermia Treatment;79<br />8.4.3;4.4.3 Imaging?Guided Drug Delivery;81<br />8.5;4.5 Conclusion;82<br />8.6;References;83<br />9;Chapter 5 Soft?Oxometalates: A New State of Oxometalates and Their Potential Applications as Nanomotors;95<br />9.1;5.1 Introduction to Soft?Oxometalates (SOMs);95<br />9.1.1;5.1.1 Classification of Soft?Oxometalates;96<br />9.1.1.1;5.1.1.1 Spontaneously Formed Soft?Oxometalates;96<br />9.1.1.2;5.1.1.2 Designed Soft?Oxometalates;96<br />9.2;5.2 Application of Soft?Oxometalates;97<br />9.2.1;5.2.1 Control of Morphology of SOMs;97<br />9.2.2;5.2.2 SOMs in Catalysis;98<br />9.2.3;5.2.3 SOMs in Patterning;98<br />9.3;5.3 Active Nano/micro Motors;101<br />9.3.1;5.3.1 Catalytic Motors;101<br />9.3.2;5.3.2 Magnetically Propelled Motors;101<br />9.3.3;5.3.3 Electrically Propelled Motors;102<br />9.3.4;5.3.4 Light Driven Motors;102<br />9.3.5;5.3.5 Ultrasonically Driven Motors;102<br />9.4;5.4 Micro?Optomechanical Movement (MOM) in Soft?Oxometalates;102<br />9.5;5.5 Autonomous Movements Induced in Heptamolybdate SOMs;104<br />9.6;5.6 SOMs as Water Oxidation Catalysts;106<br />9.7;5.7 Conclusion;107<br />9.8;Acknowledgment;107<br />9.9;References;107<br />10;Chapter 6 Medicinal Applications of Metal Nanoparticles;113<br />10.1;6.1 Overview;113<br />10.2;6.2 Introduction and Background;113<br />10.2.1;6.2.1 History of Medicinal Use of Metals, Metal Ions, and Complexes;115<br />10.2.2;6.2.2 Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine;116<br />10.2.3;6.2.3 Application of Disease?Specific Nanomedicine;117<br />10.2.4;6.2.4 Importance of Metal Nanoparticles in Biology;117<br />10.3;6.3 Biomedical Applications of Metal Nanoparticles;118<br />10.3.1;6.3.1 Delivery of Biomolecules Using Metal Nanoparticles;119<br />10.3.1.1;6.3.1.1 Drug Delivery;119<br />10.3.1.2;6.3.1.