1;188945_1_En_BookFrontmatter_OnLinePDF;1 2;188945_1_En_1_Part_OnLinePDF;18 2.1;Part I General Remarks;18 3;188945_1_En_1_Chapter_OnLinePDF;19 3.1;1: Detection, Profiling, and Quantification of miRNA Expression;19 3.1.1;miRNA Biology;19 3.1.1.1;Biogenesis of miRNAs;19 3.1.1.1.1;Transcriptional Regulation;19 3.1.1.1.2;Post-transcriptional Processing;20 3.1.1.2;Actions of miRNAs;23 3.1.1.2.1;Mechanisms of Actions;23 3.1.1.2.2;Cellular Functions of miRNAs;25 3.1.2;Human Disease-Related Expression Profiles of miRNAs;25 3.1.2.1;Spatiotemporal Expression Profiles;25 3.1.2.1.1;Spatial Heterogeneity of miRNA Expression;26 3.1.2.1.1.1;miRNA Distribution in Mouse Tissues;26 3.1.2.1.1.2;miRNA Distribution in Human Tissues;27 3.1.2.1.2;Temporal Difference of miRNA Expression;31 3.1.2.1.2.1;miRNAs in Normal Bone Marrow Cell Lineages Differentiation;31 3.1.2.1.2.2;miRNA Expression Signatures of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells;31 3.1.2.1.2.3;miRNA Expression Signatures of Human Embryonic Stem Cells;31 3.1.2.1.2.4;miRNA Signatures During Human Erythroid Cell Differentiation;32 3.1.2.2;miRNA Transcriptome and Human Physiology;33 3.1.2.2.1;Glucose-Regulated miRNAs from Pancreatic beta Cells;33 3.1.2.2.2;miRNAs in Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue;34 3.1.2.2.3;miRNAs in Circadian Rhythmicity;34 3.1.2.2.4;miRNAs in Human Pregnancy and Parturition;35 3.1.2.2.5;Gender difference of miRNAs in liver;35 3.1.2.3;miRNA Transcriptome in Diseased States;36 3.1.2.3.1;Cancers;36 3.1.2.3.1.1;Solid Cancers;37 3.1.2.3.1.2;Breast Cancer;37 3.1.2.3.1.3;Lung Cancer;38 3.1.2.3.1.4;Liver Cancer;38 3.1.2.3.1.5;Colon Cancer;39 3.1.2.3.1.6;Colorectal Cancer;40 3.1.2.3.1.7;Gastric Cancer;40 3.1.2.3.1.8;Esophageal Cancer;40 3.1.2.3.1.9;Thyroid Papillary Carcinomas;41 3.1.2.3.1.10;Pancreatic Cancer;41 3.1.2.3.1.11;Hematological Cancers;42 3.1.2.3.1.12;Hodgkin Lymphoma;43 3.1.2.3.1.13;Ovarian Cancer;43 3.1.2.3.1.14;Prostate Cancer;43 3.1.2.3.1.15;Kidney Cancer;44 3.1.2.3.1.16;Bladder Cancer;44 3.1.2.3.1.17;Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma;45 3.1.2.3.1.18;Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma;45 3.1.2.3.1.19;Head and Neck Cancer;45 3.1.2.3.1.20;Retinoblastoma;46 3.1.2.3.1.21;Metastasis;46 3.1.2.3.2;Cardiovascular Diseases;47 3.1.2.3.2.1;Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure;47 3.1.2.3.2.2;Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries;49 3.1.2.3.2.3;Preconditioning Protection to Ischemic Injuries;50 3.1.2.3.2.4;Vascular Angiogenesis;51 3.1.2.3.3;Neuronal Diseases;51 3.1.2.3.4;Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Seropositive Individuals;52 3.1.2.3.5;Human Non-obstructive Azoospermia;52 3.1.2.3.6;Other Diseases;53 3.1.2.3.6.1;Hepatitis;53 3.1.3;miRNAs as Biomarkers for Human Disease;53 3.1.4;Methods for Analyzing miRNAs Expression;54 3.1.4.1;Ideal Methods for miRNA Detection;55 3.1.4.2;Classification of Methods for miRNA Detection;55 3.1.4.3;Brief Introduction to the Currently Available miRNA Detection Methods;56 3.1.5;References;69 4;188945_1_En_2_Part_OnLinePDF;81 5;188945_1_En_2_Chapter_OnLinePDF;82 5.1;2: Microarray and Its Variants for miRNA Profiling;82 5.1.1;Introduction;83 5.1.2;Protocol;85 5.1.2.1;Materials;85 5.1.2.2;Instruments;86 5.1.2.3;Reagents;87 5.1.2.3.1;Chemicals and Enzymes;87 5.1.2.3.2;Solution Preparation;87 5.1.2.4;Procedures;88 5.1.2.4.1;miRNA Microarray Fabrication;88 5.1.2.4.1.1;Design of miRNA Capture Oligonucleotide Probes;88 5.1.2.4.1.2;Oligo Probe Library for miRNA Array Fabrication;89 5.1.2.4.1.3;miRNA Array Fabrication;89 5.1.2.4.1.4;miRNA Array Post-Printing Processes;90 5.1.2.4.2;Total RNA Extraction;90 5.1.2.4.3;Synthesis of Biotin-labeled First-strand cDNA Targets;90 5.1.2.4.4;miRNA Microarray Hybridization and Data Collection;91 5.1.2.4.5;Experimental Design Guidelines to Prevent RNase Contamination;92 5.1.3;Application and Limitation;92 5.1.4;References;93 6;188945_1_En_3_Part_OnLinePDF;95 7;188945_1_En_3_Chapter_OnLinePDF;96 7.1;3: Northern Blotting and Its Variants for Detecting Expression and Analyzing Tissue Distribution of miRNAs;