1;Preface;5 2;List of contributing authors;15 3;1 Introduction - Integration in microalgal biotechnology;23 3.1;1.1 Integration on the process level;24 3.2;1.2 Integration on the metabolic level;26 3.3;1.3 Integration into environmental conditions;27 3.4;1.4 Adaptation to cultural realities;28 4;Integrated production processes;33 4.1;2 Products from microalgae: An overview;35 4.1.1;2.1 Microalgae: An introduction;35 4.1.2;2.2 Products;37 4.1.2.1;2.2.1 Use and production of algal biomass;37 4.1.2.2;2.2.2 Microalgae for human nutrition;40 4.1.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Spirulina (Arthrospira);41 4.1.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Chlorella;42 4.1.2.2.3;2.2.2.3 Dunaliella salina;43 4.1.2.3;2.2.3 Microalgae for animal feed;43 4.1.2.4;2.2.4 Microalgae as natural fertilizer;44 4.1.2.5;2.2.5 Microalgae in cosmetics;44 4.1.2.6;2.2.6 Fine chemicals;45 4.1.2.6.1;2.2.6.1 PUFAs;45 4.1.2.6.2;2.2.6.2 Pigments;48 4.1.2.6.2.1;Pigments as antioxidants;48 4.1.2.6.2.2;Pigments as natural colorants;50 4.1.2.6.3;2.2.6.3 Polysaccharides;51 4.1.2.6.4;2.2.6.4 Recombinant proteins;53 4.1.2.6.5;2.2.6.5 Stable isotopes;53 4.1.2.7;2.2.7 Micro- and nanostructured particles;53 4.1.2.8;2.2.8 Bulk chemicals;55 4.1.2.9;2.2.9 Energy production from microalgae;57 4.1.2.9.1;2.2.9.1 Biodiesel;57 4.1.2.9.2;2.2.9.2 Bio-ethanol;62 4.1.2.9.3;2.2.9.3 Bio-hydrogen;63 4.1.2.9.4;2.2.9.4 Bio-gas;64 4.1.2.9.5;2.2.9.5 Biorefinery of microalgae;65 4.1.3;2.3 Conclusion;66 4.1.3.1;References;66 4.2;3 Spirulina production in volcano lakes: From natural resources to human welfare;73 4.2.1;3.1 Introduction;73 4.2.2;3.2 Natural Spirulina lakes in Myanmar;74 4.2.3;3.3 Environmental parameters of Myanmar Spirulina lakes;76 4.2.4;3.4 Spirulina production from natural lakes;79 4.2.4.1;3.4.1 Harvesting;79 4.2.4.2;3.4.2 Washing and dewatering;80 4.2.4.3;3.4.3 Extrusion and sun drying;81 4.2.4.4;3.4.4 Lake-side enhancement ponds;83 4.2.5;3.5 Sustainable Spirulina production from volcanic crater lakes;84 4.2.6;3.6 Myanmar Spirulina products;85 4.2.7;3.7 Spirulina as biofertilizer;86 4.2.8;3.8 Spirulina as a biogas enhancer;89 4.2.9;3.9 Spirulina as a source of biofuel;89 4.2.10;3.10 Myanmar and German cooperation in microalgae biotechnology;89 4.2.11;3.11 Discussion;90 4.2.12;3.12 Conclusion;90 4.2.12.1;Acknowledgments;91 4.2.12.2;References;91 4.3;4 Case study of a temperature-controlled outdoor PBR system in Bremen;95 4.3.1;Acknowledgments;99 4.3.2;References;99 4.4;5 Algae for aquaculture and animal feeds;101 4.4.1;5.1 Introduction;101 4.4.2;5.2 Microalgae use in aquaculture hatcheries;101 4.4.2.1;5.2.1 Microalgal strains used in aquaculture hatcheries;102 4.4.2.2;5.2.2 Methods of microalgae cultivation for aquaculture;104 4.4.2.3;5.2.3 Role of microalgae in aquaculture hatcheries;104 4.4.2.3.1;5.2.3.1 Microalgae as a feed source for filter-feeding aquaculture species;104 4.4.2.3.2;5.2.3.2 Microalgae as a feed source for zooplanktonic live prey;105 4.4.2.3.3;5.2.3.3 Benthic microalgae as a feed source for gastropod mollusks and echinoderms;106 4.4.2.3.4;5.2.3.4 Addition of microalgae to fish larval rearing tanks;107 4.4.2.3.5;5.2.3.5 Use of microalgal concentrates in aquaculture hatcheries;109 4.4.3;5.3 Use of algae in formulated feeds for aquaculture species and terrestrial livestock;110 4.4.3.1;5.3.1 Algae as a supplement to enhance the nutritional value of formulated feeds;110 4.4.3.1.1;5.3.1.1 Vitamins and minerals;110 4.4.3.1.2;5.3.1.2 Pigments;111 4.4.3.1.3;5.3.1.3 Fatty acids;112 4.4.3.2;5.3.2 Algae as a potential feed ingredient: source of protein and energy;112 4.4.4;5.4 Outlook;117 4.4.4.1;References;118 4.5;6 Algae as an approach to combat malnutrition in developing countries;123 4.5.1;6.1 Introduction;123 4.5.2;6.2 Algae in human food;123 4.5.3;6.3 Microalgae as a solution against malnutrition: meet Spirulina;124 4.5.4;6.4 Small-scale Spirulina production as a development tool;125 4.5.5;6.5 Spirulina as a business to combat malnutrition;126 4.5.6;6.6 Spirulina and its place in food aid and development p