The present volume contains papers developed from courses given at the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Bio chemical Genetics Workshop (Working Party S.04-5) held at the Univer sity of Gottingen, Germany on July 5 through 28, 1973. The workshop was organized by Professor Robert G. Stanley and was held in memory of Professor Klaus Stern. Unfortunately, both met with untimely deaths. Professor Stanley was also instrumental in initiating the process of having the workshop proceedings published. I was asked by the workshop participants to complete this task, and I wish to acknowledge their cooperation, advice and encouragement. In addition to the courses and subsequent papers resulting from the above workshop, we have included some papers by colleagues who were unable to attend the meeting. The contents of this text may, there fore, be considered a working-manual of generally "modern" techniques that are applicable to forest genetics and breeding programs. The chapters are placed in five major categories. The first three categories follow according to classes of chemical constituents in herent to plants which are nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) , primary gene products (amino acids, proteins and enzymes) and primary and secon dary metabolites (carbohydrate polymers, resins, phenolics, pigments, etc.). The fourth category is concerned with the interaction of en vironment and gene systems. Indirect selection, crossing and proto plasmic and flowering manipulation are factors covered in the fifth category.

1 Optical Techniques for Measuring DNA Quantity

2 Nucleic Acid Extraction, Purification, Reannealing, and Hybridization Methods
3 Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins and Enzymes
4 Extraction and Analysis of Free and Protein-Bound Amino Acids from Norway Spruce Foliage
5 Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Dry Matter Production
6 Analyses of Monoterpenes of Conifers by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
7 Isolation and Analysis of Plant Phenolics from Foliage in Relation to Species Characterization and to Resistance Against Insects and Pathogens
8 Mineral Analyses
9 Pollution Responses
10 Indirect Selection for Improvement of
11 Pollen Handling Techniques in Forest Genetics, with Special Reference to Incompatibility
12 Tissue Culture of Trees
13 Manipulation of Flowering in Conifers Through the Use of Plant Hormones.