Reviewed here is the current knowledge of proton transport mechanisms in mammals. The emphasis is on gastric acid secretion and the role of the H+, K+-ATPase, but molecular and cellular information on other P-, V- and F-type H+-ATPases, in bone, kidney, plants and yeast, as well as other cation ATPases, are included for important comparisons. The role of proton/anion antiports, symports and channels in proton transport is discussed. Further attention is given to the regulation of proton transport mechanisms and cellular mechanisms to resist damage from highly acidic environments.

Gastric H+,K+-ATPase

Gene Structure and Regulation of Gastric Proton Pump
The Gastric H/K ATPase ß Subunit Gene and Transcriptional Pathways in Acid-Secreting Epithelia of the Stomach and Kidney
Functional Expression of Gastric H,K-ATPase in Sf9 Cells Using the Baeulovirus Expression System
Structural and Functional Integrity of H,K-ATPase Depends on Its ß-Subunit
The Topology of the ?, ß Subunits of the Gastric H/K ATPase
Synthetic Peptide Antibody Probes of Membrane Orientation of the Gastric H,K-ATPase
Molecular Determinants of Subunit Assembly and Processing in Na,K-ATPase and H,K-ATPase
Assembly of Hybrid Pumps from Na,K-ATPase ? Subunits and the H,K-ATPase ß Subunit
DCCD Inhibition of Cation Binding in the Gastric H,K-ATPase
Mapping of a Cytoplasmic Site of Gastric (H+,K+)-ATPase Involved in the Transmission of K+-Activation Across the Membrane
New Approaches to Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion: Development and Mechanism of Omeprazole
K+-Competitive Inhibitors of the Gastric (H + + K+)-ATPase
Bioactive Peptide Inhibitors and an Endogenous Parietal Cell Protein: Interactions with the Gastric H+/K+ ATPase
The Gastric H/K-ATPase: The Principle Target in Autoimmune Gastritis
Non-gastric transport-ATPases
Acidic and Non-Acidic Endosomes in Kidney Epithelial Cells: Their Role in Cell-Specific Membrane Recycling Processes
Regulation and Properties of the Coated Vesicle Proton Pump
Characterization of the Osteoclast Vacuolar H+ ATPase: Biochemistry, Subunit Composition and Cloning of Catalytic Subunits
The Renal H-K-ATPase: Function and Expression
Apical K+-ATPase and Active Potassium Absorption in the Distal Colon
Amino Acid Residues Involved in Ouabain Sensitivity and Cation Binding
The Use of Site-DirectedMutagenesis to Identify Functional Sites in the Ca2+ ATPase
Structure-Function Relationships in Transmembrane Segment IV of the Yeast Plasma Membrane [H+]-ATPase
The Role of Two Small Proteolipids Associated to the H+-ATPase from Yeast Plasma Membrane
Ion Translocation Stoichiometries of Two Endomembrane H+-Pumps Studied by Patch Clamp
Molecular Dissection of Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase
F-type H+-ATPase: Catalysis and Proton Transport
Contribution of Infrared Spectroscopy to the Understanding of the Structure of the Neurospora crassa Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase
Partial Reaction Chemistry and Charge Displacement by the Fungal Plasma-Membrane H+-ATPase
Proton/anion antiports, symports and channels
Molecular Properties, Kinetics and Regulation of Mammalian Na+/H+ Exchange
Polarized Na/H Exchangers in Colonic Epithelium: A Problem of Balance
The AE Gene Family of Band 3-Related Anion Exchangers
Proton-Coupled Peptide Transport in the Small Intestine and Kidney
H+-Coupled Solute Transport in Cultured Intestinal Epithelia
Measurement of H+ and Ca2+ Extrusion from Single Isolated Cells
CFTR Chloride Channels and Pancreatic Ductal Bicarbonate Secretion
Acute Regulation of Na+:HCO3- Cotransport System in Kidney Proximal Tubules
Potassium Dependent H+/HCO3- Transport Mechanisms in Cells of Medullary Thick Ascending Limb of Rat Kidney
Regulation of proton and HCO3- transport
Characterization of Parietal Cell Functional Morphology Utilizing Isolated Gastric Gland Perfusion, Atomic Force and Confocal Microscopy
Activation of Calpain in Gastric Parietal Cells
Stimulation of Gastric Acid Secretion Causes Actin Filament Formation and Development of the Secretory Surface in Frog Oxynticopeptic Cells
Expression of Rat Gastric H+,K+-ATPase in Insect Cells Using a Double Recombinant Baculovirus
Influence of F-Actin on Na+/K+/2CI- Cotransport in Cultured Intestinal Epithelia
Ca2+ Pools and H+ Secretion by the Parietal Cell
Acidophylie Cl- and K+ Channels of the Gastric Parietal Cell: A New Model of Regulated HCl Secretion
Uncoupling of H+ and Pepsinogen Secretion in the Amphibian Oxyntopeptic Cell
The Canine Gastric Muscularis Mucosae and Acid Secretion: A Basket Case?
The Receptors Regulating Acid Secretion On and Off the Parietal Cell
Post-Receptor Signaling Mechanisms in the Gastric Parietal Cell
Cellular resistance to acid
Relative Sensitivity to Acid Injury of Different Regions of the Intestinal Tract
"First-Pass" Protection Against Luminal Acid in Necturus Antral Epithelium
Regulation of pHi in Oxyntic Cells in Intact Sheets of Frog Gastric Mucosa
Oxyntic cell Na+/H+ and CI-/HCO3- exchangers
Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion in Humans
Gastric Bicarbonate Secretion
Role of Dopamine in Control of Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion
Author Index.