1;161309_1_En_FM1_OnlinePDF;1 2;161309_1_En_1_Part_OnlinePDF;17 2.1;Chapter : ;17 3;161309_1_En_1_Chapter_OnlinePDF;18 3.1;Chapter 1: Artificial Systems for Molecular Recognition of Mycotoxins;18 3.1.1;Introduction;18 3.1.2;Molecularly Imprinted Polymers;19 3.1.2.1;Molecular Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction;20 3.1.2.2;Imprinted Materials for Mycotoxin Analysis;22 3.1.2.2.1;Ochratoxin AOchratoxin A;23 3.1.2.2.2;ZearalenoneZearalenone;25 3.1.2.2.3;MoniliforminMoniliformin;27 3.1.2.2.4;DeoxynivalenolDeoxynivalenol;28 3.1.3;Combinatorial Peptides;28 3.1.3.1;Combinatorial PeptidesCombinatorial peptides for Mycotoxins;29 3.1.3.1.1;AflatoxinsAflatoxins;29 3.1.3.1.2;Ochratoxin AOchratoxin A;31 3.1.4;Conclusions;32 3.1.5;References;33 4;161309_1_En_2_Chapter_OnlinePDF;36 4.1;Chapter Chapter 2: Molecular Mechanism of Detection of Aflatoxins and Other Mycotoxins;36 4.1.1;Introduction;36 4.1.2;Detection of Aflatoxigenic Fungi;36 4.1.3;Examination of Fungal Colonies under UV Light;38 4.1.4;Detection of Aflatoxins in Corn Kernels Contaminated with Aflatoxigenic Fungi;40 4.1.5;Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi by Polymerase Chain ReactionPolymerase Chain Reaction;40 4.1.5.1;AflatoxinsAflatoxins;40 4.1.5.2;Other Mycotoxins;41 4.1.6;Detection and Determination of Mycotoxins in the Analytical Laboratory;42 4.1.6.1;High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography;42 4.1.6.2;HPLC-Mass SpectrometryHPLC-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and HPLC-Tandem Mass SpectrometryHPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS);42 4.1.6.3;Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KitsELISA Kits;43 4.1.6.4;Lateral Flow ImmunochromatographyLateral Flow Immunochromatography;44 4.1.7;New BiosensorsBiosensors;46 4.1.7.1;Surface Plasmon ResonanceSPR;46 4.1.7.2;Fluorescent PolarizationFluorescent Polarization Immunoassay;46 4.1.7.3;Molecular ImprintingMolecular Imprinting;47 4.1.7.4;Arrays of BiosensorsArrays of Biosensors;47 4.1.7.5;Electronic NosesElectronic Noses;47 4.1.7.6;Straight from the Baker's Oven: Solid State SsDNA Odor SensorsSolid State Ssdna Odor Sensors;48 4.1.8;Conclusion;48 4.1.9;References;48 4.1.10;Online Resources;52 5;161309_1_En_3_Chapter_OnlinePDF;53 5.1;Chapter 3: The Destruction of Aflatoxins in Corn by ``Nixtamalización´´;53 5.1.1;Introduction;53 5.1.2;The Process of ``NixtamalizaciónNixtamalización´´;54 5.1.2.1;Facts about the LimeLimeLime;55 5.1.2.2;Chemical Changes in Maize MaizeMaizeMaizeMaizeduring ``NixtamalizaciónNixtamalización´´;55 5.1.2.3;Physical Changes in MaizeMaize During ``NixtamalizaciónNixtamalización´´;56 5.1.2.4;TypesTypes of ``NixtamalizaciónNixtamalización´´;56 5.1.3;Nixtamalización and Aflatoxins;57 5.1.3.1;Nixtamalización and RadiolabelRadiolabel Aflatoxins;58 5.1.4;DisadvantagesDisadvantages of Traditional NixtamalizaciónNixtamalización;60 5.1.5;Future Perspectives;61 5.1.6;Conclusions;61 5.1.7;References;62 6;161309_1_En_4_Chapter_OnlinePDF;64 6.1;Chapter Chapter 4: Mycotoxigenic Fungi on Baled Grass Silage in Ireland;64 6.1.1;Introduction;64 6.1.2;How Do Fungi Infect Baled Silage?;65 6.1.3;Significance of Fungi on Silage;65 6.1.4;Mycotoxigenic FungiMycotoxigenic fungi Occurring on Baled Grass Silage in Ireland;65 6.1.5;P. roqueforti and P. paneum TaxonomyMycotoxigenic fungiPenicillium roqueforti and P. paneum taxonomy;67 6.1.6;Physiology of P. roqueforti and P. paneumMycotoxigenic fungiPhysiology of Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum;67 6.1.7;Mycotoxins Produced by P. roqueforti and P. paneumMycotoxigenic fungiMycotoxins produced by Penicillium roqueforti and P. pane;69 6.1.7.1;PatulinMycotoxigenic fungiPatulin;69 6.1.7.2;PR ToxinMycotoxigenic fungiPR toxin;70 6.1.7.3;RoquefortineMycotoxigenic fungiRoquefortine;70 6.1.7.4;Mycophenolic acidMycotoxigenic fungiMycophenolic acid;71 6.1.8;Conclusions;72 6.1.9;References;72 7;161309_1_En_5_Chapter_OnlinePDF;77 7.1;Chapter Chapter 5: Aflatoxin-like Gene Clusters and How They Evolved;77 7.1.1;Polyketide Biosynthesis Overview;77 7.1.2;AspergillusAspergillus Genomics;78