Nasal polyposis is seen in many disease states, including allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Since the quality of life for patients afflicted with this condition decreases, such patients frequently seek medical help. Further, the relationship between the upper and lower respiratory tract makes the treatment of nasal polyposis of critical importance. New research findings, as well as new technical developments, have changed the conventional medical and surgical approaches to treating nasal polyposis, the result of which has been significant advances in the management of the disease. This book, written by authors internationally recognized for their laboratory research and clinical practice, is lavishly illustrated and reader-friendly. It includes the latest information on nasal polyposis, and aims to help the reader improve the daily management of patients affected by this condition.

T. Metin Önerci is full Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at the Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. He serves as General Secretary of the International Rhinologic Society and is the immediate Past President of the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Society in Turkey. He recently also served as President of the International Society of Otorhinolaryngologic Allergy and Immunology, as President of the European Rhinology Society and as President of the ISIAN (International Symposium on Infection and Allergy of the Nose).

1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;7 3;Contents;9 4;1: History of Nasal Polyposis;12 4.1;1.1 Introduction;12 4.2;1.2 The History of Rhinology and Nasal Polyps;12 4.3;1.3 Etiology and Pathophysiology;12 4.4;1.4 Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps;13 4.5;1.5 Treatment of Nasal polyps;14 4.5.1;1.5.1 Medical Treatment;15 4.5.2;1.5.2 Surgical Treatment;15 4.6;1.6 Conclusions;17 4.7;References;17 5;2: Epidemiology of Nasal Polyps;19 5.1;2.1 Introduction;19 5.2;2.2 Allergy and Asthma;20 5.3;2.3 Gender and Age;21 5.4;2.4 Genetics;21 5.5;2.5 Aspirin Intolerance;22 5.6;2.6 Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis;22 5.7;2.7 Ethnicity and Geography;23 5.8;References;24 6;3: Pathology of Nasal Polyps;26 6.1;3.1 Introduction;26 6.2;3.2 Normal Sinonasal Histology;26 6.2.1;3.2.1 Structural Component;26 6.2.2;3.2.2 Nonstructural Components;28 6.3;3.3 Nasal Polyp Histopathology;29 6.3.1;3.3.1 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps;29 6.3.1.1;3.3.1.1 Macroscopic Pathology;29 6.3.1.2;3.3.1.2 Microscopic Pathology;30 6.3.2;3.3.2 Bone Changes;32 6.3.3;3.3.3 Mucus Histopathology, Including "Eosinophilic Mucus";32 6.3.4;3.3.4 Antrochoanal Polyps;32 6.3.5;3.3.5 Noninflammatory Polypoid Lesions;33 6.4;3.4 Conclusions;34 6.5;References;34 7;4: The Inflammatory Process in Nasal Polyposis: Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Electrophysiology;36 7.1;4.1 The Nasal Polyp Represents an End-Stage of Chronic Inflammation;36 7.2;4.2 Genetic Predisposition and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins as Two Predisposing Factors in the Development of Chronic Hyper;37 7.3;4.3 Cytokines in the Nasal Polyp Mucosa;37 7.4;4.4 TNF-a and VCAM 1;38 7.5;4.5 The Eosinophil and Alterations in the Electrophysiology of the Nasal Epithelial Cell; Sodium Channel Alterations;40 7.6;4.6 Summary;41 7.7;References;42 8; 5: Eosinophil;44 8.1;5.1 Introduction;44 8.2;5.2 Pathogenesis: The Role of the Eosinophil;44 8.2.1;5.2.1 Development of Eosinophils;44 8.3;5.3 Trafficking of Eosinophils;45 8.3.1;5.3.1 Recruitment;45 8.3.2;5.3.2 Adhesion;45 8.3.3;5.3.3 Activation of Eosinophils;46 8.3.4;5.3.4 Eosinophil Secretory Products;46 8.4;5.4 Pharmacological Approaches to Treating Eosinophilic Sinusitis;49 8.5;5.5 Conclusion;50 8.5.1;Take Home Pearls;50 8.6;References;51 9; 6: Radiologic Imaging of Nasal Polyposis;53 9.1;6.1 Introduction;53 9.2;6.2 Radiologic Appearance of Sinonasal Polyps;53 9.3;6.3 Special Types of Sinonasal Polyps;55 9.4;6.4 Complications;56 9.5;6.5 Radiologic Differential Diagnosis;58 9.5.1;6.5.1 Acute Rhinosinusitis;58 9.5.2;6.5.2 Mucus Retention Cyst;58 9.5.3;6.5.3 Other Benign Masses;58 9.5.4;6.5.4 Malignancy;59 9.5.5;6.5.5 Dense Secretions;59 9.5.6;6.5.6 Cystic Fibrosis;59 9.6;6.6 Radiologic Modalities;60 9.6.1;Take Home Pearls;60 9.7;References;60 10; 7: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Nasal Polyps;61 10.1;7.1 Introduction;61 10.2;7.2 Adenoma and Fibroma theory;61 10.3;7.3 Necrotizing Ethmoiditis Theory;61 10.4;7.4 Glandular-Cyst Theory;62 10.5;7.5 Mucosal Exudate Theory;62 10.6;7.6 Theory on Cystic Dilatation of the Excretory Duct of Nasal Glands and Vessel Obstruction;64 10.7;7.7 Blockade Theory;64 10.8;7.8 Peri-Phlebitis and Peri-Lymphangitis Theory;64 10.9;7.9 Glandular Hyperplasia Theory;64 10.10;7.10 Epithelial Rupture Theory;65 10.11;7.11 Mucous Glands in Nasal Polyps;65 10.12;7.12 Formation and Growth of Glands;67 10.13;7.13 Gland Degeneration;67 10.14;7.14 Cellular Infiltration in the Pathophysiology of Nasal Polyps;68 10.15;References;71 11;8: Mucin Expression in Nasal Polyps;72 11.1;8.1 Introduction;72 11.2;8.2 Mucin Genes;72 11.3;8.3 Sources of Mucus Hyper-Secretion in Nasal Polyps;73 11.4;8.4 Studies of Mucin Gene Expression in Nasal Polyps;73 11.4.1;8.4.1 Techniques;73 11.4.2;8.4.2 Control Mucosa for Mucin Gene Studies in Nasal Polyps;73 11.4.3;8.4.3 Main Studies;74 11.5;8.5 Mucin Gene Expression in Nasal Polyps;74 11.5.1;8.5.1 General Mucin Gene Expression Profile;74 11.5.2;8.5.2 Individual Mucin Genes;76 11.5.2.1;8.5.2.1 MUC1;76 11.5.2.2;8.5.2.2 MUC2;76 11.5.2.3;8.5.2.3 MUC3 and 6;76 11.5.2.