The introduction of nuclear medicine into oncology dates back to the early 1 940s, when Lawrence reported on the tumor retention of 32P-phosphate, von Hevesy and von Euler soon afterwards published their fundamental work on the metabolism of phosphorus in sarcoma cells, and when almost at the same time Keston and his coworkers de scribed their observation of the accumulation of radioactive iodine in metastases of a thyroid carcinoma. Since that time innumerable publi cations have appeared in oncologic literature which deal with the application of nuclear medical methods in experimental cancer re search and also in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. The significance of some originally very successfully applied clinical methods naturally has changed over the years. For instance, scin tigraphy became somewhat less important for the purely morpho logic assessment of certain tumors after the introduction of transmis sion computerized tomography and modem sonographic methods into clinical practice. On the other hand, however, it has also been possible to further develop scintigraphy to a decisive extent, both 'with refer ence to the test substances applied and in view of the instrumentation. As far as the scintigraphic equipment is concerned, the introduction of static and sequential digital imaging by means of scintillation camera computer systems in the mid-1960s represents important progress, as does the recent development of emission computerized tomography with single photon and positron emitters.

I. Introduction and Basic Considerations

Nuclear Oncology: Current Role and Future Direction
Nuclear Principles of Tumor Detection
Mechanisms Responsible for Radioactive Tracer Uptake in Malignancies
II. Technical Principles
Gamma Camera Imaging and Single Probe Detection of Tumors
Single Photon and Positron Emission Computerized Tomography in Tumor Diagnosis
NMR Tomography of Cancer: Technical Considerations
Parameter-Selective Proton NMR Imaging and Tissue Characterization In Vivo
Development of Magnetic Resonance Contrast Media for Tumors
Computer-Assisted Echographic Tissue Characterization in Tumor Diagnostics
III. Diagnostic Use of Radiopharmaceuticals
Clinical Aspects of Detection and Imaging of Brain Tumors
Noncontact Eye Tumor Imaging with a Gamma Camera
Clinical Aspects of Detection and Imaging of Differentiated Thyroid Tumors
Clinical Aspects of Detection and Imaging of Lung Tumors
Clinical Aspects of Detection and Imaging of Tumors of Liver and Spleen
Use of Scintigraphy for Evaluation of Patients with Renal Malignancies
Scintigraphy of Lymphokinetics and Lymphatic Neoplasia
Bone Scintigraphy in Primary Malignant Bone Tumor
Scintigraphic Detection of Bone Metastases
Metaiodobenzylguanidine in the Diagnosis of Neuroblastomas
Scintigraphic Imaging of Pheochromocytomas by Means of Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)
Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis of Skin Tumors
IV. Radioimmunodetection
Principles of Radioimmunodetection of Tumors
Immunoscintigraphy of CEA-Producing Tumors with Special Emphasis on the Use of Mab Fragments and ECT
Beta-hCG and Related Germ Cell Tumor Antigens in Radioimmunodetection
Radioimmunodetection with Monoclonal Antibodies Against Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
Immunoscintigraphy of Ovarian Cancer by Means of HMFG2 Monoclonal Antibody
Immunoscintigraphy of Gynaecological Tumors
Radioimmunoscintigraphy by Means of Melanoma Antibody
Radioimmunoscintigraphy of CA 19-9/CEA Producing Tumors Using I-131 Labeled F (ab?)2 Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies (19-9/Anti-CEA Radioimmunococktail)
Radioimmunodetection of Malignant Melanoma with Radiolabelled (131I, 123I, 111In, 99mTc) Monoclonal Antibodies and F (ab?)2 Fragments
Imaging of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Using an Antitumor Monoclonal Antibody
V. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and In Vivo Spectroscopy
Current Status of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System
NMR Imaging of Tumors in the Body Stem
NMR In Vivo Spectroscopy in Tumor Diagnosis
VI. Positron Emission Tomography
Production and Use of Positron-Emitting Test Substances for Tumor Diagnosis
Uptake of 11C-Aminocyclopentane Carboxylic Acid (ACPC) and 13N-Ammonia in Malignant Tumors. A Comparative Clinical Study
Analysis of Brain Tumor Physiology by Positron Emission Tomography
VII. Use of Tumor Markers In Vitro
Overview of the Development of Tumor Markers
The Clinical Value of Tumor-Associated Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancer
The Value of Tumor Markers in the Diagnosis of Urogenital Carcinoma
Tumor Markers for Monitoring Therapy in Lung Cancer
Tumor Markers for Follow-Up of Thyroid Carcinoma
Use of Tumor Markers for Patient Monitoring in Breast Cancer
Tumor Markers for Monitoring Breast Cancer Patients
VIII. Therapeutic Use of Radiopharmaceuticals Including Labelled Antibodies
Radioiodine Treatment of Thyroid Carcinomas
Therapy of the Neuroblastoma with 131I-MIBG
Treatment of Pheochromocytomas with 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine
Treatment of Neuroblastoma by131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG): Qualitative and Quantitative Scintigraphic Evaluation of the Treatment Effect
Endolymphatic Radionuclide Therapy (ELRT) in Malignant Melanoma of the Lower Extremities
On the Efficacy of Strontium-89 Therapy. Preliminary Evaluation of a Double-blind Study
Cancer Treatment with Radioactive Labeled Antibodies
Treatment of Pleural and Peritoneal Carcinosis with Radioactive Colloids
Treatment of Hepatic Malignancies by Intravascular Administration of Radioisotopes
Treatment of Local Prostatic Cancer by 125Iodine Seeds
CT-Guided Stereotactic Implantation with Iridium-192 and Iodine-125 of Non-Resectable Intracranial Tumors
IX. Experimental Approaches and Future Aspects
Radioimmunodetection of Hodgkin Tumors in Nude Mice
Immunoscintigraphy of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma in Nude Mice with F(ab?)2 Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies to CA 19-9 and CEA
Physico-chemical Properties and Biokinetics of Tumor-Affine Metal (M)-Ligand-Complexes
Iodoazomycin Riboside [1-(5?-iodo-5?-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole],a Hypoxic Cell Marker. In Vivo Evaluation in Experimental Tumors]
The Potential Use of Alpha and Auger-Electron Emitting Radionuclides for Therapy
Studies on the In Vivo Stability of 211At Labelled Albumin Particles in Mice.