1;Preface;5 2;Contents;9 3;List of Editors and Contributors;11 4;Mitochondria and Cancer;16 4.1;1 Introduction;17 4.2;2 Mitochondrial Control of Apoptosis;18 4.3;3 Therapeutic Interventions for the Restoration of Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Cancer Cells;22 4.4;4 Reduced Oxidative Phosphorylation and Carcinogenesis;24 4.5;5 Hypothetical Links Between Apoptosis Resistance and Anaerobic Glycolysis at the MitochondrialMembrane;29 4.6;References;31 5;Role of the Metabolic Stress Responses of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Tumor Suppression;38 5.1;1 Origins of Metabolic Stress in Tumors;39 5.2;2 Activation of Tumor Suppression by Apoptosis in Response to Cellular Stress;40 5.3;3 Modulation of the Apoptotic Response by Cancer Therapy;40 5.4;4 Inactivation of Apoptosis in Tumor Progression;41 5.5;5 Autophagy Mediates Tumor Cell Survival to Metabolic Stress;42 5.6;6 Autophagy Is a Tumor Suppression Mechanism;44 5.7;7 Autophagy Suppresses Cell Death and Inflammation to Limit Tumor Progression;45 5.8;8 Autophagy Prevents Genome Damage to Suppress Tumorigenesis;46 5.9;9 Modulation of Tumor Cell Metabolism in Cancer Therapy;47 5.10;References;47 6;The Interplay Between MYC and HIF in the Warburg Effect;50 6.1;1 MYC Is a Major Human Oncogene That Encodes a Transcription Factor;51 6.2;2 Myc Target Genes in Tumorigenesis;53 6.3;3 Myc-E2F Regulatory Axis and DNA Metabolism and Replication;55 6.4;4 Effects of Antioxidants on Myc-Mediated Tumorigenesis, Reactive Oxygen Species and the Hypoxia- Inducible Factor;56 6.5;5 Collaboration of MYC and HIF in the Warburg Effect;58 6.6;References;61 7;Using Metabolomics to Monitor Anticancer Drugs;70 7.1;1 Introduction;71 7.2;2 Pharmacodynamic Markers;73 7.3;3 Conventional Cytotoxic Drugs;74 7.4;4 Cyclin-Kinase Inhibitor;76 7.5;5 HSP90 Inhibitor;76 7.6;6 Choline Kinase Inhibitor;77 7.7;7 HDAC Inhibitors;78 7.8;8 Vascular Disruption Agents;79 7.9;9 HIF-1a Inhibitor;81 7.10;10 PI3K Inhibitor;81 7.11;11 MAPK Inhibitor;82 7.12;12 Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor;82 7.13;13 Antimicrotubule Drug;83 7.14;14 Discussion;83 7.15;References;90 8;Biomarker Discovery for Drug Development and Translational Medicine Using Metabonomics;94 8.1;1 The Potential of the Metabolome to Fill the Biomarker Gap;95 8.2;2 Metabonomics in Toxicology;98 8.3;3 Metabonomics in Oncology;105 8.4;References;109 9;Pyruvate Kinase Type M2: A Key Regulator Within the Tumour Metabolome and a Tool for Metabolic Profiling of Tumours;114 9.1;1 Introduction;115 9.2;2 The Pyruvate Kinase Isoenzymes;116 9.3;3 Bifunctional Role of the Pyruvate Kinase Isoenzyme Type M2 Within the Tumour Metabolome;118 9.4;4 Interaction of M2-PK with Different Oncoproteins;124 9.5;5 Role of M2-PK in the Nucleus;130 9.6;6 Tumour M2-PK: A Biomarker for Metabolic Profiling of Tumours;130 9.7;7 Conclusions;133 9.8;References;133 10;Molecular Imaging of Tumor Metabolism and Apoptosis;140 10.1;1 Glucose Metabolism;141 10.2;2 AminoAcids;147 10.3;3 Apoptosis;155 10.4;4 Hypoxia;156 10.5;References;159 11;Minimally Invasive Biomarkers for Therapy Monitoring;168 11.1;1 Introduction;169 11.2;2 Methods;170 11.3;3 Results;175 11.4;4 Conclusions;199 11.5;References;201 12;Use of Metabolic Pathway Flux Information in Anticancer Drug Design;204 12.1;1 Introduction;205 12.2;2 Metabolic Profiles of Tumor Cells;205 12.3;3 Tumor Growth-Promoting Signals Influence Phenotype Expression via Nonoxidative Metabolism;208 12.4;4 Tumor Growth-Inhibiting Signals Limit Nonoxidative Metabolism;210 12.5;5 Metabolic Constraints of Cell Growth;210 12.6;6 Concluding Remarks;214 12.7;References;215 13;Cancer Diagnostics Using 1H-NMR-Based Metabonomics;220 13.1;1 Background;221 13.2;2 Current Status of Early Detection of EOC in the General Population;222 13.3;3 NMR-Based Metabonomics for the Analysis of Biofluids;223 13.4;4 H-NMR Analysis of Plasma and Cancer Detection;224 13.5;5 H-NMR-Based Metabonomics for Ovarian Cancer Detection;225 13.6;6 Conclusions and Future Directions;237 13.7;References;238 14;Human Met