1;Preface;6 2;Contents;8 3;1 Introduction;11 3.1;1.1 Light Interaction with Tissues;11 3.2;1.2 Definitions of Polarized Light;13 4;2 Tissue Structure and Optical Models;16 4.1;2.1 Introduction;16 4.2;2.2 Continuous and Discrete Tissue Models;17 4.3;2.3 Scatterer Size Range and Distribution;18 4.4;2.4 Refractive-Index Variations and Absorption;20 4.5;2.5 Tissue Anisotropy;23 4.6;2.6 Volume Fraction and Spatial Ordering of Particles;27 4.7;2.7 Eye Tissue Optical Models;29 4.8;2.8 Fractal Properties of Tissues and Cell Aggregates;35 4.9;2.9 Summary;37 5;3 Polarized Light Interactions with Weakly Scattering Media;38 5.1;3.1 Introduction;38 5.2;3.2 Noninteracting Particles;39 5.3;3.3 Densely Packed Correlated Particles;45 5.4;3.4 Summary;51 6;4 Polarized Light Interactions with Strongly Scattering Media;53 6.1;4.1 Introduction;53 6.2;4.2 Multiple Scattering and Radiative Transfer Theory;54 6.3;4.3 Monte Carlo Simulation Technique;60 6.4;4.4 Densely Packed Particle Systems;69 6.5;4.5 Summary;75 7;5 Polarization Properties of Tissues and Phantoms;76 7.1;5.1 Introduction;76 7.2;5.2 Light Scattering Matrix Meters;77 7.3;5.3 LSM of Thin Tissue and Cell Layers;79 7.4;5.4 Strongly Scattering Tissues and Phantoms;84 7.5;5.5 Summary;90 8;6 Polarization-Dependent Interference of Multiply Scattered Light;92 8.1;6.1 Introduction;92 8.2;6.2 Coherent Backscattering;93 8.3;6.3 Polarization-Dependent Temporal Correlations of the Scattered Light;98 8.4;6.4 Polarization Microstatistics of Speckles;106 8.5;6.5 The Concept of Polarization-Correlation Universality;110 8.6;6.6 Summary;117 9;7 Decay of Light Polarization in Random Multiple Scattering Media;118 9.1;7.1 The Similarity in Multiple Scattering of Coherent Light;118 9.2;7.2 Influence of Scattering Anisotropy and Scattering Regime;126 9.3;7.3 Residual Polarization of Incoherently Backscattered Light;131 9.4;7.4 Polarization Decay in Absorbing Media;134 9.5;7.5 Summary;145 10;8 Degree of Polarization in Laser Speckles from Turbid Media;146 10.1;8.1 Introduction;146 10.2;8.2 Experiments and Simulation;147 10.3;8.3 Discussion and Conclusions;153 11;9 Monte Carlo Modeling of Polarization Propagation in Strongly Scattering Media;155 11.1;9.1 Introduction;155 11.2;9.2 Method;156 11.3;9.3 Results;158 11.4;9.4 Summary;165 12;10 Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography;166 12.1;10.1 Introduction;166 12.2;10.2 Experimental System: Serial Implementation;167 12.3;10.3 Jones Calculus and Mueller Calculus;169 12.4;10.4 Experimental System: Parallel Implementation;172 12.5;10.5 Experimental Results;177 12.6;10.6 Other Implementations;180 12.7;10.7 Summary;181 13;11 Biomedical Diagnostics and Imaging;182 13.1;11.1 Introduction;182 13.2;11.2 Imaging through Scattering Media and Tissues with Use of Polarized Light;182 13.3;11.3 Transillumination Polarization Techniques;186 13.4;11.4 Potentialities and Restrictions of Polarization Imaging with Backscattered Light;188 13.5;11.5 Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy of Tissues;196 13.6;11.6 Glucose Sensing;197 13.7;11.7 Cytometry and Bacteria Sensing;204 13.8;11.8 Polarization Microscopy and Tissue Clearing;209 13.9;11.9 Digital Photoelastic Analysis;221 13.10;11.10 Fluorescence Polarization;223 13.11;11.11 Summary;228 14;A Appendix;229 14.1;Single-Scattering Mueller Matrix from Mie Theory;229 14.2;Coordinate Transformation in a Multiple Scattering Medium;230 14.3;Glossary;233 15;References;249 16;Index;283