The book includes 19 selected contributions presented at the 21^st Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in Marseille in September 2017. The chapters are grouped into the following five categories:

·       Genome/Phenotype Evolution

·       Self/Nonself Evolution

·       Origin of Biodiversity

·       Origin of Life

·       Concepts

The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseille serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aim of these meetings is to promote the exchange of ideas to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is in invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.

Pmela and Tyrp1b contribute to melanophore variation in Mexican cavefish

Adaptive evolution of yeast under heat stress and genetic reconstruction to generate thermotolerant yeast
The domestication syndrome in Phaseolus crop plants: a review of two key domestication traits
Tracing the Evolutionary Origin of the Gut-Brain-Axis
Mini bioreactors as tools for adaptive laboratory evolution for antibiotic drug resistance and evolutionary tuning of bacterial optogenetic circuits
Deciphering the evolution of vertebrate immune cell types with single-cell RNA-seq
Evolutionary Impacts of Alternative Transposition
Allorecognition and stem cell parasitism: a tale of competition, selfish genes and greenbeards in a basal chordate
How to become selfish: Evolution and adaptation to self-fertilization in plants
Immunoglobulin-like domains have an evolutionarily conserved role during gamete fusion in C. elegans and mouse
Feralisation - the understudied counterpoint to domestication
Post-Glacial Colonization of Northern Europe by Reptiles
The Relative Roles of Selection and Drift in Phenotypic Variation: Some Like it Hot, Some Like it Wet
Metagenomic approaches highlight the organization and dynamics of plankton at the species level
Ion-molecule Reactions as a Possible Synthetic Route for the Formation of Prebiotic Molecules in Space
Did Gene Expression Co-evolve with Gene Replication?
Biological dogmas in relation to the origin of evolutionary novelties
A Proposed Terminology of Convergent Evolution
Natura fecit saltum: punctuationalism pervades the natural sciences.