PET-CT is increasingly being employed in the diagnosis of both oncological and non-oncological patients, yet nuclear medicine physicians may have only limited practical experience of rare diseases and may experience difficulty in recognizing and interpreting rare findings. This unique atlas documents a large number of clinical cases that will help practitioners to identify findings and diseases that, though rare, are sufficiently frequent to be encountered in routine practice. Two types of cases are presented: patients evaluated for rare diseases and patients evaluated for standard diseases in whom atypical PET findings were detected. Each reported case includes a brief description of the clinical history, representative color PET-CT images obtained using FDG or other tracers, and a short explanation of the disease and findings. This atlas will enable practitioners to make conclusive reports of PET-CT scans that would otherwise have been inconclusive.

From the contents:
Part 1: FDG: Rare Diseases: Giant cell tumor (GCT)

Pulmonary amylodosis
Pneumoconiosis
Pulmonary aspergillosis
Pulmonary scar cancer
HIV-related pneumonia
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
Varicella pneumonia
Castleman disease
Perivalvular abscess
Hepatic abscess
Pediatric hepatic hilar abscess
Basal-cell carcinoma
Graves-Basedow disease
Erysipelas
Initial stage discitis
Erdheim-Chester disease
Necrotizing fasciitis
Vaquez disease
Peritoneal catheter infection
Implantable cardiac device infection
Thoracic aortic graft infection
Rheumatoid arthritis
Idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis
Spinal disc herniation
Mesenteritis
Osteomyelitis of the foot
Peritoneal mesothelioma
Lymphoma of the brain
Osteomyelitis of the sternum
Paget s disease
Post surgical bone infection
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
Vascular graft infection
Atrial sarcoma
Avascular necrosis of the bone
Malignant otitis
Bone sarcoidosis
Polidermatomyositis
RS3PE
Tuberculosis
Sacroiliitis
Pulmonary MALT lymphoma
Fibrosarcoma
Large soft tissue sarcoma
Stump appendicitis
Bowel transplantation with EBV infection
Von Recklinghausen disease
Wilms tumor
Microcystic tumor of the pancreas
Epilepsy
Spindle cell carcinoma of the prostate
Part 2: 11C-Choline: Rare Diseases: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Multiple myeloma
Paget s disease
Sarcoidosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Part 3: 11C- Methionine: Rare Diseases: Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Brain hemorrhage
Encephalitis
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Lymphoma of the brain
Soft tissue sarcoma
Part 4: 68Ga-Somatostatine Analogs: Rare Diseases: Cystic serous adenoma of the pancreas
Chronic pancreatitis
Neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate
Part 5: FDG: Rare Findings: Portal thrombosis
Acute pulmonary alveolitis
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm
Cavernous hemangioma
Liver hemangioma
Renal angiomyolipoma
Kidney stone
Cholecystitis
Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder
Metformin and colitis
Corpus luteum
Pulmonary heart
Infection of central venous catheter
Double ureter
Interstitial pulmonary edema
Septic pulmonary embolism
Subcutaneous emphysema
Inguinal hernia
Frontal hematoma
Chronic atrial fibrillation
Large uterine fibromas
Respiratory failure
Recent bone fracture
Bone infarct
Pulmonary infarction
Aortic graft infection
Hip prosthesis infection
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)
Aortic graft leakage
Mastoiditis
Pulmonary microembolism
Avascular necrosis of the head of the humerus
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
Muscular uptake
Muscular lipoma
Constrictive pericarditis
Benign asbestos pleural disease
Pleuropericarditis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Bacterial pneumonia
Post-radiotherapy changes
Xanthogranulomatous
Lymphadenitis
Knee prosthesis: physiological biodistribution
Nodular radiation pneumonitis
Spina bifida
Spondylolisthesis
Rib fracture
Inferior vena caval thrombosis
Duodenal ulcer
Shingles
Part 6: 11C-Choline: Rare Findings: Vertebral collapse
Interstitial pulmonary edema
Bullous emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis
Inguinal hernia
Rib fractures
Implantable cardiac device infection
Lymphoma
Trauma
Part 7: 68Ga-Somatostatine Analogs: Rare Findings: Multiple myeloma.