1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;12
4;Chapter 1 Introduction and Historical Background: Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma;14
4.1;1.1 The Way It Was;14
4.2;1.2 Lessons from the Children;16
4.3;1.3 The Hidden Secrets The Discovery of Late Eff ects;16
4.4;1.4 Current Optimal Management;17
4.5;References;17
5;Chapter 2 Biology and Pathology of Hodgkin s Disease;20
5.1;2.1 History of Hodgkin s Disease Pathologic Classification;20
5.2;2.2 Lineage of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells; B-cell phenotype;22
5.3;2.3 Some Evidence of an Antigen-Presenting Function;23
5.4;2.4 Apoptosis;23
5.5;2.5 NF-kappaB;24
5.6;2.6 Jak/STAT Pathways;25
5.7;2.7 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) Family;25
5.8;2.8 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factors (TRAFs);25
5.9;2.9 Cytokines and Chemokines;26
5.10;2.10 Cytogenetics;27
5.11;2.11 Gene Profi le;27
5.12;2.12 Association with EBV;27
5.13;2.13 Pathology of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma;29
5.14;2.14 Immunophenotype of Classical HRS Cells;30
5.15;2.15 Flow Cytometry;31
5.16;2.16 Histologic Classifi cation of CHL;32
5.16.1;2.16.1 Nodular Sclerosis HL;32
5.16.2;2.16.2 Mixed Cellularity HL;33
5.16.3;2.16.3 Nodular Lymphocyte Rich CHL;34
5.16.4;2.16.4 Lymphocyte Depleted HL;35
5.17;2.17 Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL);35
5.18;2.18 Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Setting of HIV Infection;36
5.19;2.19 Bone Marrow Involvement and Histologic Staging;36
5.20;2.20 Pathology of Relapse and Second Malignancy;37
5.21;2.21 Differential Diagnosis of HL;38
5.22;References;40
6;Chapter 3 Treatment of Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma;48
6.1;3.0 Introduction;48
6.2;3.1 Clinical Presentation;49
6.2.1;3.1.1 Systemic Symptoms;50
6.2.2;3.1.2 Laboratory Evaluation;50
6.2.3;3.1.3 Immunologic Status;51
6.3;3.2 Differential Diagnosis;52
6.4;3.3 Diagnostic Evaluation and Staging;53
6.5;3.4 Prognostic Factors;56
6.6;3.5 Combination Chemotherapy;58
6.7;3.6 Chemotherapy Alone Versus Combined Modality Therapy;62
6.8;3.7 Risk-Adapted Therapy;64
6.8.1;3.7.1 Treatment of Low-Risk Disease;64
6.8.2;3.7.2 Treatment of Intermediate- and High-Risk Disease;66
6.9;3.8 Principles of Radiation Therapy;67
6.9.1;3.8.1 Volume Considerations;69
6.9.2;3.8.2 Dose Considerations;71
6.9.3;3.8.3 Energy;72
6.10;3.9 Summary Recommendations for Primary Disease/Selection of Therapy;72
6.11;3.10 Acute Effects of Therapy;72
6.11.1;3.10.1 Chemotherapy Side-Effects;72
6.11.2;3.10.2 Radiation Side-Effects;74
6.12;3.11 Future Directions;74
6.13;References;74
7;Chapter 4 Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma;80
7.1;4.1 Introduction;80
7.2;4.2 Strategies for Re-induction;80
7.2.1;4.2.1 Role of Re-induction Chemotherapy;81
7.2.2;4.2.2 Standard Re-induction with ICE;81
7.2.3;4.2.3 Re-induction Therapy with Ifosfamide/Vinorelbine (IV);82
7.3;4.3 High-Dose Therapy;83
7.3.1;4.3.1 Immunomodulation as a Therapeutic Strategy to Augment High-Dose Therapy;84
7.3.2;4.3.2 Reduced-Intensity/Non-myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation;85
7.4;4.4 Salvage Strategies Following Transplantation;85
7.4.1;4.4.1 Combination Chemotherapy with Gemcitabine/ Vinorelbine (GEM/VRB);86
7.4.2;4.4.2 Molecular Targeting of the NF-.B Pathway;87
7.4.3;4.4.3 Targeted Immunotherapy Strategies;90
7.5;4.5 Future Considerations;92
7.6;References;92
8;Chapter 5 Non-Hodgkin s Lymphoma Introduction and Historical Background;98
8.1;5.1 Introduction;98
8.2;5.2 The Early Era, Pre-1970;99
8.3;5.3 The Latter Era, Post-1970s;99
8.4;References;101
9;Chapter 6 Biology and Pathology of Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma;104
9.1;6.1 Introduction;104
9.2;6.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma;104
9.3;6.3 Pathologic Analysis;106
9.3.1;6.3.1 Morphology;106
9.3.2;6.3.2 Immunophenotypic Analysis;107
9.3.3;6.3.3 Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis;108
9.3.4;6.3.4 WHO Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors;113
9.4;6.4 Molecular Pathogenesis of Pediatric NHL;114
9.5;6.5 Burkitt Lymphomas;114
9.5.1;6.5.1 Pathology;114
9.5