1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;6 3;Contents;7 4;Contributing Authors;11 5;Abbreviations;12 6;Introduction;14 6.1;Incidence and Management of Childhood Cancer;15 7;General Aspects of Childhood Leukemia;17 7.1;Definition and General Characteristics;18 7.2;Incidence;18 7.3;Etiology and Predisposing Factors;18 7.4;Pathogenesis;20 8;Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia;22 8.1;Incidence;23 8.2;Clinical Manifestation;23 8.3;Laboratory Findings and Classification;26 8.4;Leukemic Cell Characterization and Classification;27 8.5;Prognostic Factors;34 8.6;Differential Diagnosis;35 8.7;Therapy;35 8.8;Management of Complications and Side Effects;37 8.9;Relapse;37 8.10;Special Forms;38 9;Acute Myelogenous Leukemia;39 9.1;Epidemiology;40 9.2;Predisposing Factors;40 9.3;Differential Diagnosis;40 9.4;Classification;40 9.5;Clinical Presentation;44 9.6;Therapy;45 9.7;Characteristics of and Therapy for AML Subtypes;47 9.8;Relapse of AML;49 10;Myelodysplastic Syndrome;50 10.1;Introduction;51 10.2;Definition;51 10.3;Classification;52 10.4;Epidemiology;55 10.5;Predisposing Factors;56 10.6;Etiology;57 10.7;Clinical Manifestations;57 10.8;Laboratory Findings;57 10.9;Differential Diagnosis;58 10.10;Treatment;58 10.11;References;58 11;Myeloproliferative Syndromes ( Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders);59 11.1;Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia;60 11.2;Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Adult Type);62 11.3;Polycythemia Vera;63 11.4;Essential Thrombocythemia;64 11.5;Idiopathic Myelofibrosis;64 11.6;Hypereosinophilic Syndrome;65 11.7;Transient Myeloproliferative Syndrome Associated with Down Syndrome;65 11.8;Mast Cell Disease (Mastocytosis);66 11.9;References;67 12;Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma ( NHL);68 12.1;Definition;69 12.2;Incidence;69 12.3;Etiology, Pathogenesis and Molecular Genetics;69 12.4;Pathology and Classification;70 12.5;Histological, Immunological and Cytogenetic Characteristics of the Different Forms of NHL;70 12.6;Clinical Manifestations;72 12.7;Differential Diagnosis among the Different Forms of NHL;73 12.8;Diagnosis;73 12.9;Staging (Murphy/St. Jude);74 12.10;Therapy;75 12.11;Therapy and Prognosis of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma LL;76 12.12;Patients with Partial Response or with Relapse of NHL;76 13;Hodgkin Disease;77 13.1;Definition;78 13.2;Incidence;78 13.3;Etiology and Pathogenesis;78 13.4;Pathology;78 13.5;Staging Classification;80 13.6;Clinical Presentation;81 13.7;Laboratory Analyses;82 13.8;Radiological Evaluation;83 13.9;Differential Diagnosis;83 13.10;Treatment;83 13.11;Relapse;84 13.12;Side Effects and Sequelae;85 13.13;Prognosis;86 13.14;Follow-up Observation;86 14;Histiocytoses;87 14.1;Definition and Overview;88 14.2;Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis LCH;88 14.3;Infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome IAHS;96 14.4;Familial Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis FEL;96 14.5;Malignant Histiocytosis;98 15;Brain Tumors;100 15.1;Overview;101 15.2;Incidence;101 15.3;Tumor Types and Frequencies;101 15.4;Etiology and Pathogenesis;102 15.5;Pathology and Classification;102 15.6;Clinical Manifestations;104 15.7;Radiological Diagnosis;110 15.8;Additional Diagnosis;111 15.9;Differential Diagnosis;111 15.10;Metastatic Spread;111 15.11;Therapy;112 15.12;Special Tumor Types;113 15.13;Sequelae in Brain Tumors;122 16;Neuroblastoma;123 16.1;Definition;124 16.2;Incidence;124 16.3;Etiology and Pathogenesis;124 16.4;Molecular Cytogenetics;125 16.5;Pathology;125 16.6;Clinical Manifestations;126 16.7;Metastatic Spread;128 16.8;Laboratory Findings;128 16.9;Diagnostic Imaging;128 16.10;Differential Diagnosis;129 16.11;Staging;129 16.12;Therapy;129 16.13;Prognosis;131 16.14;Special Forms;131 17;Nephroblastoma ( Wilms Tumor);133 17.1;Definition;134 17.2;Incidence;134 17.3;Chromosomal Association;134 17.4;Pathology;135 17.5;Clinical Manifestations;135 17.6;Laboratory Diagnosis;136 17.7;Radiological Diagnosis;136 17.8;Differential Diagnosis;136 17.9;Staging;137 17.10;Therapy;137 17.11;Therapy in Relapse;138 17.12;Prognosis;138 17.13;Subtypes;139 18;Soft Tissue Sarcoma;141 18.1;Overview;143 18