1;Copyright Page;42;Foreword;53;Foreword;74;Preface;85;Contents;106;Contributors;127;Part I: General Complications;157.1;Chapter 1;167.1.1;Complication Related to Medical Conditions;167.1.1.1;1.1 Introduction;167.1.1.2;1.2 Comorbidities Increasing the Risk of Major Perioperative Complications;167.1.1.3;1.3 Comorbidities Specifi cally Increasing the Risk of Perioperative Cardiac Events;177.1.1.4;1.4 Comorbidities Increasing the Risk of Postoperative Infections and Their Management;187.1.1.5;1.5 Comorbidities Complicating Spinal Fusion;207.1.1.6;1.6 Comorbidities Associated with Poor Neurologic Recovery After Surgery;217.1.1.7;References;227.2;Chapter 2;257.2.1;Hematologic Issues in Cervical Spine Surgery;257.2.1.1;2.1 Changes in Blood Cell Count Parameters;257.2.1.1.1;2.1.1 Anemia;257.2.1.1.1.1;2.1.1.1 Approach to the Anemic Patient;257.2.1.1.1.2;2.1.1.2 Anemia's Decalogue for the Surgeon;277.2.1.1.2;2.1.2 Polycythemia;277.2.1.1.2.1;2.1.2.1 Polycythemia and Cervical Spinal Surgery;287.2.1.1.2.2;2.1.2.2 Tips for the Orthopedic Surgeon in the Presence of a PV;287.2.1.1.3;2.1.3 Reduction in the White Blood Cell Count;287.2.1.1.3.1;2.1.3.1 Absolute Neutropenia;287.2.1.1.3.2;2.1.3.2 Absolute Lymphocytopenia;297.2.1.1.4;2.1.4 Increase in White Blood Cell Count;297.2.1.1.4.1;2.1.4.1 Absolute Neutrophilia;297.2.1.1.4.2;2.1.4.2 Absolute Lymphocytosis;297.2.1.1.4.3;2.1.4.3 Absolute Eosinophilia and Absolute Monocytosis;297.2.1.1.5;2.1.5 Changes in Platelet Count;297.2.1.1.5.1;2.1.5.1 Abnormal Increase in Platelet Count;297.2.1.1.5.2;2.1.5.2 Abnormal Decrease in Platelet Count;307.2.1.1.6;2.1.6 How a Cervical Spine Surgeon should Manage Patients with Changes in Blood Cell Count;307.2.1.2;2.2 Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy;317.2.1.2.1;2.2.1 Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS);317.2.1.2.2;2.2.2 Multiple Myeloma;327.2.1.3;2.3 Preoperative Evaluation of the Hemorrhagic Risk;327.2.1.3.1;2.3.1 Abnormal Hemostatic and Coagulation Parameters;327.2.1.3.1.1;2.3.1.1 Qualitative Platelets Defects (Thrombocytopathies);337.2.1.3.1.2;2.3.1.2 Coagulopathies;347.2.1.3.1.3;2.3.1.3 The laboratory Interface;357.2.1.4;2.4 Preoperative Evaluation of the Thromboembolic Risk;357.2.1.5;2.5 Thromboprophylaxis in Cervical Spine Surgery;367.2.1.6;References;387.3;Chapter 3;407.3.1;Complications in Surgical Management of Cervical Spinal Metastases;407.3.1.1;3.1 Spinal Metastases: Introduction;407.3.1.1.1;3.1.1 Epidemiology;407.3.1.1.2;3.1.2 Anatomical Localization and Pathophysiology;407.3.1.1.3;3.1.3 Presentation;417.3.1.1.4;3.1.4 Management: Past and Present;427.3.1.1.5;3.1.5 Surgical Indications and Approaches;437.3.1.2;3.2 Surgery-Related Prognosis in Bone Metastatic Patients;437.3.1.2.1;3.2.1 Surgery-Related Complications;447.3.1.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Surgical Complications;447.3.1.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Hardware-Related Complications;457.3.1.2.1.3;3.2.1.3 Medical Complications;467.3.1.2.1.4;3.2.1.4 Complications Rates of Spinal Surgery and Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery;467.3.1.2.2;3.2.2 Presurgical Quantifi cation of Risk and Patient Selection;487.3.1.2.3;3.2.2.1 Classifi cations: Prediction of Life Expectancy and Optimal Treatment Selection;497.3.1.3;References;537.4;Chapter 4;557.4.1;Systematic Approach to the Patient to Minimize Errors of Diagnosis and Surgical Indications;557.4.1.1;4.1 Introduction;557.4.1.2;4.2 Approach to the Patient with NeckPain: History;567.4.1.3;4.3 Physical Examination;587.4.1.4;4.4 Laboratory Studies;607.4.1.5;4.5 Imaging;607.4.1.6;4.6 Neurophysiology (Electrodiagnostic Studies);627.4.1.6.1;4.6.1 Electromyography;627.4.1.6.2;4.6.2 Evoked Potentials;637.4.1.6.2.1;4.6.2.1 Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials;637.4.1.6.2.2;4.6.2.2 Motor-Evoked Potentials;637.4.1.7;4.7 General Considerations and Conclusions;637.4.1.8;References;658;Part II: Peri-operative complications;678.1;Chapter 5;688.1.1;Considerations and Anesthesiologic Complications in Spina