1;PREFACE;82;TABLE OF CONTENTS;103;CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION;143.1;1.1 TESTING TECHNIQUES;143.2;1.2 STEPS FOR SUCCESSFUL POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION;173.3;1.3 PREPARATION AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES;173.4;References;194;CHAPTER 2: SPECTROSCOPY;204.1;2.1 FTIR SPECTROSCOPY;214.1.1;2.1.1 FTIR Spectrophotometer;224.1.2;2.1.2 FTIR Techniques;244.1.3;2.1.3 Correlation of Polymer and Additives Structure and FTIR Spectra;274.1.4;2.1.4 Useful FTIR Standard Measuring Techniques;334.2;2.2 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY;584.3;2.3 ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY;644.4;References;665;CHAPTER 3: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SELECTIVE MASS DETECTION;685.1;3.1 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY INSTRUMENTATION;685.2;3.2 CORRELATION OF ADDITIVE STRUCTURE AND MASS SPECTRA;725.3;3.3 SELECTED STANDARDS FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TESTING;755.4;References;866;CHAPTER 4: THERMAL PROPERTIES;886.1;4.1 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;886.2;4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT AND SPECIFIC ENTHALPY;936.3;4.3 DENSITY;976.4;4.4 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY;976.4.1;4.4.1 New Developments in Thermal Diffusivity Measurement;1016.5;4.5 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION;1046.6;4.6 CURING BEHAVIOR;1106.7;4.7 THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MEASURING DEVICES;1136.7.1;4.7.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC);1156.7.2;4.7.2 Thermogravimetry (TGA);1336.8;References;1397;CHAPTER 5: MELT RHEOLOGY;1407.1;5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY;1417.2;5.2 CONSTITUTIVE MODELS;1557.2.1;5.2.1 Newtonian Model;1567.2.2;5.2.2 Power Law Model;1567.2.3;5.2.3 Bird-Carreau-Yasuda Model;1577.2.4;5.2.4 Pressure Dependence of Viscosity;1587.2.5;5.2.5 Phan-Thien and Tanner Multimode Model;1597.3;5.3 RHEOMETRY;1607.3.1;5.3.1 The Melt Flow Indexer;1607.3.2;5.3.2 Capillary Viscometer;1637.3.3;5.3.3 Rotational Rheometry;1707.3.4;5.3.4 Extensional or Elongational Rheometry;1787.4;References;1968;CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;1988.1;6.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;1988.1.1;6.1.1 The Short-Term Tensile Test;1988.1.2;6.1.2 Impact Strength;2138.1.3;6.1.3 Creep Behavior;2388.1.4;6.1.4 Dynamic Mechanical Tests;2548.1.5;6.1.5 Fatigue Tests;2598.1.6;6.1.6 Strength Stability Under Heat;2668.2;References;2739;CHAPTER 7: PERMEABILITY PROPERTIES;2769.1;7.1 SORPTION;2779.2;7.2 DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION;2789.3;7.3 MEASURING S, D, AND P;2889.4;7.4 DIFFUSION OF POLYMER MOLECULES AND SELF-DIFFUSION;2949.5;References;29810;CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND AGING;30010.1;8.1 WATER ABSORPTION;30010.2;8.2 WEATHERING;30410.3;8.3 CHEMICAL DEGRADATION;31410.4;8.4 THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS;32110.5;References;32711;CHAPTER 9: ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES;32811.1;9.1 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;32811.1.1;9.1.1 Dielectric Behavior;32811.1.2;9.1.2 Electric Conductivity;33411.1.3;9.1.3 Application Problems;33911.1.4;9.1.4 Magnetic Properties;35111.2;9.2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES;35211.2.1;9.2.1 Index of Refraction;35311.2.2;9.2.2 Photoelasticity and Birefringence;35511.2.3;9.2.3 Transparency, Reflection, Absorption, and Transmittance;35711.2.4;9.2.4 Gloss;36211.2.5;9.2.5 Color;36411.3;9.3 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES;36611.3.1;9.3.1 Speed of Sound;36711.3.2;9.3.2 Sound Reflection;36711.3.3;9.3.3 Sound Absorption;36811.4;References;37012;INDEX;372

1;PREFACE;8
2;TABLE OF CONTENTS;10
3;CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION;14
3.1;1.1 TESTING TECHNIQUES;14
3.2;1.2 STEPS FOR SUCCESSFUL POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION;17
3.3;1.3 PREPARATION AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES;17
3.4;References;19
4;CHAPTER 2: SPECTROSCOPY;20
4.1;2.1 FTIR SPECTROSCOPY;21
4.1.1;2.1.1 FTIR Spectrophotometer;22
4.1.2;2.1.2 FTIR Techniques;24
4.1.3;2.1.3 Correlation of Polymer and Additives Structure and FTIR Spectra;27
4.1.4;2.1.4 Useful FTIR Standard Measuring Techniques;33
4.2;2.2 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY;58
4.3;2.3 ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY;64
4.4;References;66
5;CHAPTER 3: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SELECTIVE MASS DETECTION;68
5.1;3.1 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY INSTRUMENTATION;68
5.2;3.2 CORRELATION OF ADDITIVE STRUCTURE AND MASS SPECTRA;72
5.3;3.3 SELECTED STANDARDS FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TESTING;75
5.4;References;86
6;CHAPTER 4: THERMAL PROPERTIES;88
6.1;4.1 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;88
6.2;4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT AND SPECIFIC ENTHALPY;93
6.3;4.3 DENSITY;97
6.4;4.4 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY;97
6.4.1;4.4.1 New Developments in Thermal Diffusivity Measurement;101
6.5;4.5 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION;104
6.6;4.6 CURING BEHAVIOR;110
6.7;4.7 THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MEASURING DEVICES;113
6.7.1;4.7.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC);115
6.7.2;4.7.2 Thermogravimetry (TGA);133
6.8;References;139
7;CHAPTER 5: MELT RHEOLOGY;140
7.1;5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY;141
7.2;5.2 CONSTITUTIVE MODELS;155
7.2.1;5.2.1 Newtonian Model;156
7.2.2;5.2.2 Power Law Model;156
7.2.3;5.2.3 Bird-Carreau-Yasuda Model;157
7.2.4;5.2.4 Pressure Dependence of Viscosity;158
7.2.5;5.2.5 Phan-Thien and Tanner Multimode Model;159
7.3;5.3 RHEOMETRY;160
7.3.1;5.3.1 The Melt Flow Indexer;160
7.3.2;5.3.2 Capillary Viscometer;163
7.3.3;5.3.3 Rotational Rheometry;170
7.3.4;5.3.4 Extensional or Elongational Rheometry;178
7.4;References;196
8;CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;198
8.1;6.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;198
8.1.1;6.1.1 The Short-Term Tensile Test;198
8.1.2;6.1.2 Impact Strength;213
8.1.3;6.1.3 Creep Behavior;238
8.1.4;6.1.4 Dynamic Mechanical Tests;254
8.1.5;6.1.5 Fatigue Tests;259
8.1.6;6.1.6 Strength Stability Under Heat;266
8.2;References;273
9;CHAPTER 7: PERMEABILITY PROPERTIES;276
9.1;7.1 SORPTION;277
9.2;7.2 DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION;278
9.3;7.3 MEASURING S, D, AND P;288
9.4;7.4 DIFFUSION OF POLYMER MOLECULES AND SELF-DIFFUSION;294
9.5;References;298
10;CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND AGING;300
10.1;8.1 WATER ABSORPTION;300
10.2;8.2 WEATHERING;304
10.3;8.3 CHEMICAL DEGRADATION;314
10.4;8.4 THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS;321
10.5;References;327
11;CHAPTER 9: ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES;328
11.1;9.1 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;328
11.1.1;9.1.1 Dielectric Behavior;328
11.1.2;9.1.2 Electric Conductivity;334
11.1.3;9.1.3 Application Problems;339
11.1.4;9.1.4 Magnetic Properties;351
11.2;9.2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES;352
11.2.1;9.2.1 Index of Refraction;353
11.2.2;9.2.2 Photoelasticity and Birefringence;355
11.2.3;9.2.3 Transparency, Reflection, Absorption, and Transmittance;357
11.2.4;9.2.4 Gloss;362
11.2.5;9.2.5 Color;364
11.3;9.3 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES;366
11.3.1;9.3.1 Speed of Sound;367
11.3.2;9.3.2 Sound Reflection;367
11.3.3;9.3.3 Sound Absorption;368
11.4;References;370
12;INDEX;372