Radiological Imaging of the Neonatal Chest
This second, revised edition of Radiological Imaging of the Neonatal Chest provides a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of the subject. It is written primarily from the point of view of the paediatric radiologist but will be of particular interest to all antenatal ultrasonographers, neonatologists, paediatric cardiologists, paediatricians and paediatric surgeons. It includes an update on clinical management and appraises the advantages of the various techniques available to image the newborn chest. There is particular emphasis on the impact of recent therapeutic advances on imaging findings. Extensive consideration is given to both antenatal and postnatal imaging of congenital chest malformations, as well as to controversies regarding the postnatal management of asymptomatic infants with these anomalies. There are dedicated chapters on upper airway problems, infection and congenital heart disease, with special emphasis on the current role of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and interventional therapy. There is also a chapter devoted to computed radiography and digital radiography. This book contains important information for all those involved in caring for the neonate.
1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;6 3;Table of Contents;7 4;1 Embryology and Anatomy of the Neonatal Chest;9 4.1;1.1 Embryology;9 4.1.1;1.1.1 Introduction;9 4.1.2;1.1.2 Early Embryonic Development;9 4.1.3;1.1.3 Embryology of the Airway and Lungs;10 4.1.3.1;1.1.3.1 The Maturation of the Lungs;10 4.1.3.2;1.1.3.2 The Blood Supply of the Lungs;11 4.1.4;1.1.4 Embryology of the Heart;11 4.1.4.1;1.1.4.1 The Primitive Heart Tube;11 4.1.4.2;1.1.4.2 Early Chamber Formation;11 4.1.4.3;1.1.4.3 Development of the Heart Wall;12 4.1.4.4;1.1.4.4 Folding of the Heart;12 4.1.4.5;1.1.4.5 Development of the Atria;12 4.1.4.6;1.1.4.6 Development of the Atrial Septum;12 4.1.4.7;1.1.4.7 Development of the Ventricles, the Atrioventricular Canals, the Valves and the Outflflow Tracts;13 4.1.5;1.1.5 Embryology of the Oesophagus;13 4.1.6;1.1.6 Embryology of the Diaphragm;13 4.1.7;1.1.7 Embryology of the Thoracic Wall;14 4.1.7.1;1.1.7.1 Vertebrae;14 4.1.7.2;1.1.7.2 Ribs;14 4.1.7.3;1.1.7.3 Sternum;14 4.1.7.4;1.1.7.4 Intercostal Muscles and Dermis;15 4.2;1.2 Anatomy of Neonatal Chest Radiology;15 4.2.1;1.2.1 Introduction;15 4.2.2;1.2.2 Airway and Lungs;15 4.2.3;1.2.3 Heart and Great Vessels;15 4.2.4;1.2.4 Thymus;16 4.2.5;1.2.5 The Chest Wall and Diaphragm;17 4.3;References;18 5;2 Update on Clinical Management of Neonatal Chest Conditions;19 5.1;2.1 Introduction;19 5.2;2.2 Ventilatory Support;19 5.2.1;2.2.1 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure;20 5.2.2;2.2.2 Continuous Mandatory Ventilation;22 5.2.3;2.2.3 High Frequency Ventilation;26 5.2.4;2.2.4 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation;30 5.2.5;2.2.5 Liquid Ventilation;34 5.3;2.3 New Drug Therapies;37 5.3.1;2.3.1 Surfactant;37 5.3.2;2.3.2 Nitric Oxide;42 5.4;2.4 Prenatal Medicine;45 5.5;2.5 Conclusion;48 5.6;Reference;48 6;3 Computed and Digital Radiography in Neonatal Chest Examination;54 6.1;3.1 General Considerations;54 6.1.1;3.1.1 Indications;54 6.1.2;3.1.2 Radiographic Technique;55 6.1.3;3.1.3 Expected Findings, Normal Variants and Artefacts;56 6.1.3.1;3.1.3.1 The Normal Neonatal Chest Radiograph;56 6.1.3.2;3.1.3.2 Nasogastric, Replogle and Endotracheal Tubes;57 6.1.3.3;3.1.3.3 Umbilical Arterial/Venous Catheters;59 6.1.3.4;3.1.3.4 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Catheters (ECMO);59 6.1.3.5;3.1.3.5 Chest/Mediastinal Drains;60 6.1.3.6;3.1.3.6 Normal Variants and Artefacts;60 6.2;3.2 Digital Radiographic Systems;60 6.2.1;3.2.1 Acquisition Techniques;60 6.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Introduction;60 6.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Digitising Analogue Images;61 6.2.1.3;3.2.1.3 Computed Radiography (CR);61 6.2.1.4;3.2.1.4 Direct Digital Radiography (DR);62 6.3;3.3 Digital Image Optimisation;62 6.3.1;3.3.1 Image Display;62 6.3.1.1;3.3.1.1 Hard Copy Versus Soft Copy;62 6.3.1.2;3.3.1.2 DICOM;63 6.3.1.3;3.3.1.3 Matrix Size of Digital Systems and Monitors;64 6.3.2;3.3.2 Image Processing;64 6.3.2.1;3.3.2.1 Introduction;64 6.3.2.2;3.3.2.2 Pre-processing;64 6.3.2.3;3.3.2.3 Post-processing;65 6.3.2.3.1;3.3.2.3.1 Non-Linear Grey-Scale Enhancement;65 6.3.2.3.2;3.3.2.3.2 Edge Enhancement;65 6.4;3.4 Digital Image Quality;67 6.4.1;3.4.1 Introduction;67 6.4.2;3.4.2 Image Quality and Radiation Dose Considerations;68 6.4.3;3.4.3 Strategies for Dose Reduction andImage Optimisation;70 6.5;3.5 Computer-Aided Diagnosis;70 6.6;References;71 7;4 Hyaline Membrane Disease and Complications of Its Treatment;74 7.1;4.1 Introduction;74 7.2;4.2 Pathophysiology;74 7.3;4.3 Radiographic Findings and New Treatments;75 7.4;4.4 Air Leaks;80 7.5;4.5 Atelectasis;81 7.6;4.6 Pneumonia;82 7.7;4.7 Pulmonary Haemorrhage;82 7.8;4.8 Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease;83 7.9;4.9 Conclusion;85 7.10;References;86 8;5 Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn;87 8.1;5.1 Introduction;87 8.2;5.2 Pathophysiology and Clinical Course;87 8.3;5.3 Radiographic Findings;88 8.4;5.4 Conclusion;89 8.5;References;89 9;6 Meconium Aspiration;90 9.1;6.1 Introduction;90 9.2;6.2 Pathophysiology of Meconium Passage;91 9.3;6.3 Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome;91 9.4;6.4 Infl ammation;93 9.5;6.5 Signs and Symptoms;
Donoghue, Veronica B.
Baert, A.L.
| ISBN | 9783540337492 |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 9783540337492 |
| Medientyp | E-Book - PDF |
| Auflage | 2. Aufl. |
| Copyrightjahr | 2010 |
| Verlag | Springer-Verlag |
| Umfang | 366 Seiten |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Kopierschutz | Digitales Wasserzeichen |
