1;Preface;5 2;Contents;8 3;Reactive Oxygen-Generating NADPH Oxidases in Plants;10 3.1;1 Diversity of the NADPH Oxidase Superfamily Basic Structure and Evolutionary Aspects;10 3.2;2 RBOH Multi Gene Family;12 3.3;3 Structurally Conserved Aspects of NOXs;13 3.4;4 Chemical Highlights of Superoxide Formation;15 3.5;5 NOX Inhibitors;16 3.6;6 Calcium-Binding Domains in RBOH Proteins;17 3.7;7 Phosphorylation of RBOH Potentiates Calcium Responses;20 3.8;8 Small G Proteins Interact with RBOH;21 3.9;9 Membrane Microdomain Milieu of RBOH;22 3.10;10 Extracellular and Intracellular Localization of NOX and RBOH;23 3.11;11 Conclusion;26 3.12;References;27 4;Integration of ROS and Hormone Signaling;33 4.1;1 Auxin;33 4.2;2 Abscisic Acid;36 4.3;3 Methyl Jasmonate, Salicylic Acid, and Ethylene;38 4.4;4 Hormone Signal Integration in Guard Cells;40 4.5;5 Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid in Seed Gemination;43 4.6;6 Cytokinin;45 4.7;7 Conclusion;46 4.8;References;46 5;Reactive Oxygen Species in Growth and Development;51 5.1;1 Introduction;51 5.2;2 ROS are Involved in Polarised Cell Growth;52 5.3;3 ROS in Developmentally Programmed Cell Death;59 5.4;4 Concluding Remarks;59 5.5;References;60 6;ROS Signalling in Stomata;62 6.1;1 Introduction;62 6.2;2 Sources of ROS;64 6.3;3 ROS Production in Response to Stimuli;64 6.4;4 Regulators of ROS Synthesis and Action;70 6.5;5 Conclusions and Further Remarks;74 6.6;References;75 7;Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Cell Walls;79 7.1;1 Introduction;79 7.2;2 Plant Cell Wall Composition;81 7.3;3 Why Plant Cell Walls Need Generating ROS for Growth and Development?;82 7.4;4 Cell Wall Stiffening;82 7.5;5 Cell Wall Softening;84 7.6;6 ROS Generation in Plant Cell Walls During Development is a Cell/Tissue-Specific Event with a Marked Topographic Localization;85 7.7;7 Sources of ROS in Cell Walls;88 7.8;8 H2 O2 as Autocrine and Paracrine Signal;92 7.9;10 Conclusion;95 7.10;References;95 8;Peroxisomes as a Cellular Source of ROS Signal Molecules;100 8.1;1 Introduction;100 8.2;2 Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Peroxisomes;102 8.3;3 Antioxidant Systems in Peroxisomes;103 8.4;4 Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Peroxisomes;106 8.5;5 Function of Peroxisomes in Oxidative Stress;107 8.6;6 Peroxisomes as a Source of ROS and RNS Signal Molecules;108 8.7;7 Conclusion;111 8.8;References;112 9;Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant-Pathogen Interactions;117 9.1;1 Introduction;117 9.2;2 Dissecting the Role of ROS in Molecular Plant-Pathogen Interactions;118 9.3;3 Upstream Signalling Leading to ROS Production;119 9.4;4 Sources of ROS;121 9.5;5 ROS and Molecular Targets;125 9.6;6 Downstream Signalling;130 10;ROS in the Legume- Rhizobium Symbiosis;138 10.1;1 Introduction;138 10.2;2 ROS and the Early Steps of the Interaction;139 10.3;3 ROS and the Functioning Nodule;143 10.4;4 Conclusion;146 10.5;References;146 11;Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Genes in Stress Acclimation and Cell Death;151 11.1;1 Dual Face of Reactive Oxygen Species;151 11.2;2 ROS Perception and Signal Transduction;152 11.3;3 ROS-Dependent Gene Expression;154 11.4;4 Photorespiratory H 2 O 2 -Dependent Gene Expression;157 11.5;5 Perspectives;161 11.6;References;162 12;The ROS Signaling Network of Cells;167 12.1;1 Introduction;167 12.2;2 Production of ROS in Plants;168 12.3;3 Scavenging of ROS in Plants;169 12.4;4 ROS Signaling and its Modulation by the ROS Gene Network;170 12.5;5 A Model for ROS Signaling Developed from the Study of Plants Lacking Apx1;171 12.6;6 Coordination of the ROS Network;173 12.7;7 NADPH Oxidases, a Possible Link Between Calcium and ROS Signaling;173 12.8;8 Concluding Remarks;174 12.9;References;174 13;Reactive Oxygen Species and Signaling in Cadmium Toxicity;177 13.1;1 Introduction;177 13.2;2 Effect of Cadmium on Plant Metabolism;178 13.3;3 Plant Transcriptional Responses to Cadmium;179 13.4;4 Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium;180 13.5;5 Cadmium, ROS, and Hormones Balance;185 13.6;6 Conclusion;185 13.7;References;187 14;Reactive Oxyg