1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;List of Editors and Contriiutors;9 3.1;Editors;9 3.2;Coeditors;9 3.3;Contributors;10 4;Problems and Hopes with Cell Therapy: The Case of Muscular Dystrophy;13 4.1;Introduction;13 4.2;Early Attempts with Myoblasts Transplantation;15 4.3;Why Bone Marrow Transplantation ;16 4.4;Multipotent Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow;18 4.5;Stem Cells with a Myogenic Potential from Tissues Other than Bone Marrow;22 4.6;The Cellular Environment of a Dystrophic Muscle;23 4.7;Future Perspectives;26 4.8;References;27 5;Cardiac Myoilasts;33 5.1;Introduction;33 5.2;Basic Assumptions;34 5.3;Skeletal Myoblasts for Cardiac Repair Experimental Studies;35 5.4;Skeletal Myoblasts for Cardiac Repair Clinical Studies;39 5.5;Skeletal Myoblasts for Cardiac Repair Future Directions;41 5.6;References;44 6;Tissue Engineering Stem Cells and Cloning: Current Concepts and Future Trends;47 6.1;Introduction;48 6.2;Tissue Engineering Principles;49 6.3;Stem Cells;51 6.4;Therapeutic Cloning;52 6.5;Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine;54 6.6;Tissue Engineering of Specific Structures;57 6.7;Cellular Therapies;66 6.8;Conclusions;70 6.9;References;70 7;Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Genetic Disorders of Bone;80 7.1;Osteogenesis Imperfecta;81 7.2;Overview of Clinical Trials;82 7.3;Bone Marrow Transplantation;84 7.4;Mesenchymal Cell Transplantation;86 7.5;Developmental Outcome;89 7.6;Conclusions;89 7.7;References;90 8;Immune Based Cell Therapy for Acute and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders;92 8.1;Immune Based Therapies for CNS Injuries;92 8.2;Spinal Cord Injury and Immune Intervention;94 8.3;Protective Autoimmunity A Physiological Response to CNS Insult;95 8.4;Regulation of Protective Autoimmunity and the Mechanism Underlying It;98 8.5;Dendritic Cells A Therapeutic Immune Cell Based Therapy Linking Adaptive and Innate Immunity;100 8.6;A Therapeutic Vaccine for Neurodegenerative Diseases;101 8.7;Concluding Remarks;102 8.8;References;103 9;Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies;108 9.1;Introduction;108 9.2;Mesenchymal Stem Cells in HSCT;109 9.3;Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Marrow Failure;115 9.4;Conclusion;116 9.5;References;116 10;Perspectives in Transfusion Medicine for the Ex Vivo Control of Hematopoiesis;119 10.1;In Vitro Control of the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells;119 10.2;Enucleation A Complex and Poorly Understood Phenomenon;122 10.3;In Vivo Fate of the Erythroblast Precursors Produced In Vitro;125 10.4;A Quantitative Challenge for Use in Transfusion;126 10.5;References;128 11;T Cell Therapies for EBV-Associated Malignancies;130 11.1;Introduction;130 11.2;Type Latency Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease;131 11.3;Type Latency Hodgkin s Disease;133 11.4;Improving the Efficacy of Infused CTL;134 11.5;Type Latency Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma;136 11.6;Conclusion;137 11.7;References;137 12;Peptide Vaccination of Myeloid Leukemia;140 12.1;Introduction;140 12.2;Potential Target Antigens;142 12.3;Clinical Trial;147 12.4;Conclusion;148 12.5;References;148 13;Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation after Nonmyeloailative Conditioning;154 13.1;Introduction;155 13.2;GVT Effect;156 13.3;Preclinical Data from a Canine Model;158 13.4;Clinical Application of Nonmyeloablative Conditioning for HCT;165 13.5;Reduced Intensity HCT Results from Other Centers;171 13.6;References;177