1;Preface;5 2;List of Contents;7 3;List of Contributors;9 4;Mechanisms of Apoptosis During Reovirus Infection;10 4.1;1 Introduction;12 4.2;2 Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis Is Determined by the Type 3 Reovirus S1 and M2 Gene Segments;12 4.3;3 Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Death Receptor Signaling;14 4.4;4 Mitochondrial Signaling Contributes to Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis;16 4.5;5 Role of NF- kB in Reovirus- Induced Apoptosis;19 4.6;6 Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis Is Associated with Activation of JNK and the Transcription Factor c-Jun;21 4.7;7 Reovirus-Induced Alteration in Expression of Genes with Potential Roles in Virus- Induced Apoptosis and Pathogenesis;21 4.8;8 Reovirus Sensitizes Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis;23 4.9;9 Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis in the Mouse CNS;24 4.10;10 Reovirus-Induced Apoptosis in the Heart;26 4.11;11 Apoptosis and Viral Growth;26 4.12;12 Conclusions and Future Directions;30 4.13;References;30 5;Poliovirus, Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis, and Apoptosis;34 5.1;1 Poliovirus;37 5.2;2 Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis and Post-Polio Syndrome;44 5.3;3 Poliovirus and Apoptosis;47 5.4;4 Conclusion;52 5.5;References;53 6;Neuronal Cell Death in Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis;66 6.1;1 Introduction;67 6.2;2 Overview of Cell Death;69 6.3;3 Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis;75 6.4;4 Conclusion;80 6.5;References;81 7;HSV-Induced Apoptosis in Herpes Encephalitis;87 7.1;1 Introduction;88 7.2;2 Apoptotic Cascades;88 7.3;3 Apoptosis Is a Predominant Cell Death in Neurodegeneration;91 7.4;4 Caspase-Independent and Stress-Activated Neuronal Cell Death;93 7.5;5 Signaling Pathways Involved in Neuronal Survival;94 7.6;6 ERK and the Integration of Distinct Signals;95 7.7;7 HSV-1, but Not HSV-2, Triggers Apoptosis in CNS Neurons;96 7.8;8 Apoptosis Is a Component of HSV-1-Induced Encephalitis;99 7.9;9 The Role of Apoptosis in HSV Latency;101 7.10;10 HSV-2 Antiapoptotic Genes and Neuronal Survival;103 7.11;11 HSV Vectors for CNS Disease;107 7.12;12 Conclusions and Perspective;108 7.13;References;111 8;The Role of Apoptosis in Defense Against Baculovirus Infection in Insects;120 8.1;1 The Baculoviruses;121 8.2;2 Baculovirus Pathogenesis;124 8.3;3 Baculoviral Antiapoptotic Genes;125 8.4;4 Evidence for Apoptosis Being an Antiviral Defense;128 8.5;5 Conclusions;133 8.6;References;134 9;The Role of Host Cell Death in Salmonella Infections;137 9.1;1 Introduction;138 9.2;2 Overview of Cell Death Induced by Gram-Negative Pathogens;141 9.3;3 Induction of Epithelial Cell Death by Salmonella Infection;143 9.4;4 Cell Death in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Mediated by SPI- 1 Effectors;145 9.5;5 Cell Death in Macrophages Dependent on the SPI-2 TTSS;147 9.6;6 Model for the Roles of Host Cell Death in Salmonella Pathogenesis;149 9.7;References;153 10;Role of Macrophage Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Yersinia;157 10.1;1 Overview of Yersinia Pathogenesis;158 10.2;2 Yersinia-Induced Apoptosis in Macrophages;163 10.3;3 Role of Apoptosis During Yersinia Infection;172 10.4;4 Conclusions and Perspectives;173 10.5;References;175 11;Entamoeba histolytica Activates Host Cell Caspases During Contact- Dependent Cell Killing;180 11.1;1 Introduction to Amoebiasis;180 11.2;2 Overview of Contact-Dependent Cytolysis of Host Cells;181 11.3;3 Evidence of Host Cell Apoptosis During Infection;183 11.4;4 Phagocytosis;185 11.5;5 Conclusions and Future Directions of Studies;186 11.6;References;187 12;Interactions Between Malaria and Mosquitoes: The Role of Apoptosis in Parasite Establishment and Vector Response to Infection;190 12.1;1 Introduction;191 12.2;2 Plasmodium Life Cycle;192 12.3;3 Interactions with the Vector;197 12.4;4 Fitness Costs Associated with Infection;198 12.5;5 Interactions Resulting from Gut Invasion;203 12.6;6 Parasite Apoptosis as a Life History Strategy;213 12.7;7 In Conclusion;214 12.8;References;214 13;Apoptosis and Its Modulation During Infection with Toxoplasma gondii: Molecular Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis;223 13.1;1 Introduction;224