This book analyzes the effects of estrogens and progesterone on brain cells, the immune system, neuro inflammation, myelin formation and steroid receptor distribution, as well as their clinical impacts.

It also explores the relationship between sex-steroid withdrawal and the development of brain symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep disorders, mood changes, depression and also cognitive disorders and dementia, as well as the effects of hormone menopause therapy on such symptoms and diseases.

Starting with obstetrical history and cardiovascular risk in later life, the second part of the book examines the effects of estrogens and progestogens on vascular tissues, atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases, as well as the impact of hormone replacement therapies on cardiovascular risks and mortality.

This volume is a useful, clear and up-to-date tool for gynecologists, endocrinologists, neurologists and cardiologists, and serves as a valuable source of information for all physicians involved in women's health.

1. Neuroendocrine changes of the menopausal transition

2. The neurological and immunological transitions of the perimenopause: implications for post-menopausal neurodegenerative disease
3. Estrogenic regulation of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory mechanisms: implications for depression and cognition
4."Estetrol and its effects on damaged brain Running title: Estetrol and brain. 5. ADRENAL ANDROGENS IMPACT ON NEUROSTEROIDS
6. Do menopausal symptoms account for the declines in cognitive function during the menopausal transition?
7. Allopregnanolone as a therapeutic to regenerate the degenerated brain
8. Reproductive Depression and the response to Hormone  Therapy
9. Sex, Gender, and the Decline of Dementia
10. Obstetric History and cardiovascular disease (CVD) Risk
11.HRT and Cardiovascular disease
12.  Estetrol, a Native Estrogen with Specific Actions in Tissues (NEST): Unique vascular benefits
13. VASCULAR EFFECTS OF PROGESTOGENS
14. Sex differences, progesterone and ischemic stroke
16. Atherogenesis - Estrogen Induction of polysialylated nCAM (PSA-nCAM) Blocks Monocyte Capture by Vascular Endothelial Cells
17. Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women: when to begin the hormone treatment?
18. HRT for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease
SYMPTOMS AND HORMONES: FINE-TUNING ATHEROSCLEROTIC RISK ?
19. Cardiovascular mortality risk and HRT"
20. HT: Pharmacology tailored to women´s health".