This book is the result of the 3rd Wiggers Bernard Conference. The Wiggers Bernard Conferences, named after two great physiologists of the past, are biannual gatherings of the leaders in the field of shock. The meetings focus on specific areas of interest, where a lot of new informations is available, but needs to be focused. There are informal presentations during which the seminarian can be intenupted in order to clarify a pat1icular point; formal discussions follow each presentation; these are followed by infOlmal gatherings in which these discussion continue in a very relaxed environment. The 1992 meeting took place in Obermayerhofen, a small but charming castle in the soft green hills of Eastern Styria in the South-Eastern part of Austria. The castle was built in 1130, restored and turned into a hotel in 1977. The renaissance court yard and the generous and exclusive decors make it one of the most beautiful castles in Austria. The frank beauty and hospitality of this area acted as a catalyst to crystalize the thoughts of this interdisciplinary group of scientists as they discussed new findings in the cytokine area.

Cytokine Cascades in Sepsis

Tumor Necrosis Factor as a Mediator of Sepsis
Discussion
A Role for Interleukin-1 in Septic Shock
Discussion
Interleukin-6 as a Mediator of the Systemic Inflammatory Response
Discussion
E-Selectin, Internalization and Release
Discussion
Cytokines in Hemorrhage, Trauma, and Inflammation
Alterations in Inflammatory Cytokine Production Following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation
Discussion
Trauma and Cytokines
Discussion
Quantifying the Severity of the Human Response to Injury and Sepsis as a Guide to the Interpretation of Phatophysiologic Cytokine Effects
Discussion
The Role of Cytokine Networks Mediating Inflammation and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Discussion
The Role of Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Lung Inflammation
Discussion
Cytokine Response to Thermal Injury
Discussion
Cytokines in Gram-Positive Bacteremia
Mechanism and Therapy of Gram-Positive Bacteremia (Sepsis) in the Nonhuman Primate: Role of Cytokines
Discussion
Cytokines in Gram-Positive Bacteremia
Discussion
Cytokines as Therapeutic Measures
Tumor Necrosis Factor-? and Interleukin-1 Desensitization: Clinical Utility and Possible Mechanisms
Discussion
Interleukin-1 and its Receptor Antagonist as Candidate Therapeutic Agents for Severe Infections
Discussion
Cytokines in Gram-Negative Bacteremia
The Role of TNF in Gram-Negative Sepsis in Baboon
Discussion
Cytokines in Overwhelming Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Discussion.