1;Foreword;82;Contents;103;1 Introduction;223.1;1.1 Key Scientific Issues;223.1.1;1.1.1 The chemical structure of the polymer and its degrees of regularity;223.1.2;1.1.2 The effect of plastic deformation, the concept of the true stress-true strain curve;243.1.3;1.1.3 Structural considerations: molecular understanding of plastic deformation;293.2;References;314;2 Deformation Mechanisms and Morphology of Crystalline Polymers;324.1;2.1 Introduction;324.2;2.2 Macroscopic Phenomena;324.3;2.3 Cracks, Crazing and Brittleness;334.4;2.4 Segregation-Induced Brittleness;364.5;2.5 Cold Drawing;374.6;2.6 Morphological Factors;384.7;2.7 Microscopic Observations;404.8;2.8 Electron Microscopy;414.9;2.9 The Deformation of Banded Spherulites;434.10;2.10 Lamellar Deformation;454.11;2.11 Memory Retention in Cold Drawing;464.12;2.12 Ordering Within Fibres;484.13;2.13 Disentanglement;504.14;2.14 Overview;504.15;References;515;3 Characterization of Orientation;545.1;3.1 Molecular Orientation and Its Definition;545.2;3.2 Birefringence;625.2.1;3.2.1 Biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film;675.2.2;3.2.2 PET orientation and relaxation monitoring;685.3;3.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy;705.3.1;3.3.1 General;705.3.2;3.3.2 Transmission infrared spectroscopy;705.3.3;3.3.3 Attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy;795.3.4;3.3.4 External reflection infrared spectroscopy;815.3.5;3.3.5 Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy;845.3.6;3.3.6 Raman spectroscopy;855.4;3.4 Other Spectroscopic Techniques;865.4.1;3.4.1 Fluorescence;865.4.2;3.4.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy;885.5;3.5. X-Ray Diffraction;905.5.1;3.5.1 General;905.5.2;3.5.2 Amorphous orientation from X-Ray diffraction;955.5.3;3.5.3 Synchrotron X-Ray diffraction;975.6;3.6 Ultrasonic and Other Techniques;985.7;References;1006;4. Solid State Processing of Fibers;1066.1;4.1 Introduction;1066.1.1;4.1.1 Background;1066.1.2;4.1.2 Common polymers used in man made fibers;1066.2;4.2 Overview of Fiber Processing;1076.3;4.3 The Liquid State;1106.4;4.4 The Spinning Process;1116.4.1;4.4.1 Spinning technology;1116.4.2;4.4.2 Modelling the spinning process;1156.4.3;4.4.3. Development of structure during melt spinning;1206.4.4;4.4.4 Development of structure during solution spinning;1226.4.5;4.4.5 Development of structure during liquid crystalline spinning;1236.5;4.5 The Drawing Process;1236.5.1;4.5.1 Drawing technology;1246.5.2;4.5.2 Modelling the drawing process;1266.5.3;4.5.3 Development of structure during drawing of flexible chain polymers;1316.6;4.6 The Heat Treating Process;1346.6.1;4.6.1 Heat treating technology;1346.6.2;4.6.2 Development of structure during the heat treating of flexible chain polymers;1356.6.3;4.6.3 Development of structure during the heat treating of rigid chain polymers;1356.7;4.7 Fiber Structure: Multiphase Models;1366.8;4.8 General Process-Structure-Property Relationships;1376.9;4.9 Other Textile Processes;1386.10;4.10 Special Processes;1396.10.1;4.10.1 Gel spinning and superdrawing;1396.10.2;4.10.2 Protein fibers;1396.11;4.11 Conclusions: what do you want to make - what really matters;1406.12;References;1407;5 High Modulus Fibres;1417.1;5.1 Melt Spun Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polyoxymethylene (Polyacetal) Fibres;1417.1.1;5.1.1 Introduction;1417.1.2;5.1.2 The tensile drawing behaviour of polyethylene;1447.1.3;5.1.3 Tensile drawing of polypropylene and polyoxymethylene;1497.1.4;5.1.4 The structure of ultra high modulus polymers;1497.1.5;5.1.5 Fibre strength;1517.1.6;5.1.6 Other mechanical properties;1577.1.7;5.1.7 Thermal properties;1687.1.8;5.1.8 Surface treatment;1697.1.9;5.1.9 Applications of melt spun PE fibres;1707.1.10;5.1.10 Composites;1707.1.11;5.1.11 Hot compaction;1717.1.12;References;1737.2;5.2 Aramid Fibres;1767.2.1;5.2.1 Historical introduction;1767.2.2;5.2.2 Heat- and flame-resistant meta-aramid fibres;1787.2.3;5.2.3 High-tenacity high-modulus fibre