Should scientific congresses take place in connection with Olympic Games, and should science be represented not only in the form of applied science engaged in the care of athletes, but also as an informing, reflecting and critical authority? The Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXth Olympiad answered this question in the affirmative, and the results have justified this decision. The invitation sent out by the Organizing Committee was accepted by numerous eminent scholars and many participants from all over the world; it was their merit that the general topic of the congress could be discussed in manifold ways under various aspects and without prejudice. For this reason, they deserve our gratitude and appreciation. By now, the congress report has been completed. It is part of the total scientific concept which includes the preparatory publication, "The Scientific View of Sport Perspectives, Aspects, Issues", the congress itself and the present report; and, in close connection therewith, the exhibitions, "100 Years of German Excavation Work in Olympia", "Sport and Medicine" and the literary exhibition. It is to be hoped that this report will prove an important source of information and a stimulus for discussion among participants and scholars, students, teachers and coaches; and that it will safeguard the fruitful continuation of the work initiated by the Munich congress. Thanks are due to those who took pains in preparing this document. It will be an essential element within the framework of all that will remain of the Olympic Games of 1972.

The Alienation and Identity of Man in Sport

The Alienation and Identity of Man
Alienation, Manipulation and the Self of the Athlete
The Role of Physical Education and Sport in the System of Social Values
Symposium
Discussion
Short Papers
Emancipation and Repression through Sport
Emancipation and Repression through Sport
Discussion
Short Papers
Personal Worth and Corporeality
Short Papers
Discussion
Sport and Conflict
Sport and Conflict
The Dialectics of Transformation in Modern Sport
Intergroup Conflict and Competition: Social-Psychological Analysis
Games, the Socialization of Conflict
Symposium
Short Papers
Discussion
The Contribution of Sport towards the Integration of a World Society
The Contribution of Sport to the Integration of Society
Short Papers
Discussion
Sport - Personality - Education
Learning Opportunities in Sport
The Pedagogic Elements of Sport
The Position of Sport in the Curriculum
Symposium
Discussion
Sport and Personality
Effect of Sport on the Personality of the Young
Short Papers
Curriculum Theory and Sport
Physical Education, Sport, and a Disciplinary Focus
Discussion (I)
Short Papers
Discussion (II)
Planning and Organization of Sport Instruction
Short Papers
Medical Problems of School Sport
Some Physical and Physiological Problems of School Sport
Short Papers
Sport and Age
Physiological Bases for Sport at Different Ages
Limits and Age Dependency in the Adaptation of the Heart to Physical Stress
Age Features of Adaptation to Muscular Activity
The Age Factor in Sport
Symposium
Short Papers
Sport for Youth and Sport Medicine
The Use of Work Physiological Characteristics in the Prediction of Children's Future Health
Short Papers
Sport at an Advanced Age
The Influence of Endurance Training, Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Parameters in Old Age
Short Papers
Sex Differences in Athletics
Sexual Differences in Sport
Short Papers
Physical Education, Sport and Movement - Prevention, Therapy, Rehabilitation
Sport as a Form of Preventive Medicine
Sport - a Medium of Preventive Medicine
Short Papers
Sport as a Remedy in Rehabilitation
Rehabilitative Aspects of Sport in Medicine
Short Papers
Sport for the Disabled
Development of Sport for the Disabled
Sport for the Disabled
Short Papers
Movement Education with Mentally Retarded Children
Physical Activity and Educational Programs for the Retarded
Short Papers
Discussion
Sport in Special Pedagogical Programs
Sport Therapy with Children Handicapped by Environmental Factors and Retarded Learning Ability
Short Papers
Discussion
Motor Learning and Training in Sport
Basic Knowledge of Neuromuscular Processes
Fundamentals of the Motor System
Short Papers and Discussion
Fundamentals of Biomechanics
Measurement of Mechanical Work (with Particular Reference to Human Locomotion)
Accompanying Report
Short Papers
Sensory-Motor Processes
Sensory-Motor Processes in Sport
Short Papers
Mental Training
Mental Rehearsal
Short Papers
Programmed Instruction
Educational Technology and Programmed Instruction in Sport
Short Papers
Performance Sport and Performance Athletes - Analyses from the Viewpoint of the Social Sciences
Sport and Professionalization
Citius - Altius - Fortius: The Olympic "Contribution" to the Professionalization of Sport?
Short Papers and Discussion
Careers in Sport
Sport and Career: Patterns of Role Progression
Social Values of a Sporting Career
Short Papers
On the Personality of Superior Athletes
On the Personality of Superior Athletes
Short Papers
Sport and Aggression
Sport and Aggression
Short Papers
Achievement Motivation: Origin and Development
Achievement Motivation: Origin and Development
Short Papers
High-Performance Sport as a Social Problem
Physical Culture and Sport in the Social Planning Process, with Special Reference to High-Performance Sport
Short Papers and Discussion
Sport - Mass Behaviour - Mass Media
Short Papers
Social Factors and Sporting Achievement
The Influence of Social Factors on Sport Achievement
Short Papers
Performance Sport among Young People as an Educational Problem
Methodological Criteria in Preparing Children and Juniors for Sport
Short Papers
Fundamentals and Limits of Competitive Sport - Medical Insights
Physiological Fundamentals of Competitive Sport
Training Loads from the Medico-Biological Point of View
Short Papers and Discussion
Applied Medical Knowledge in High-Performance Sport
The Application of Science to Performance Sport
Short Papers
Fundamental Problems of Metabolic Fields in Sport
Metabolic Fundamentals in Sport
Short Papers
Drugs and Sport
Pharmaceutical Products and Athletics
Short Papers and Discussion
Physiological Limitations of Performance Sport
Physiological Limitations of Performance Sport
Short Papers and Discussion
Traumatology in High-Performance Sport
Soft Tissue Consideration in Cervical Spine Injuries
Injuries and Damage to the Spine Incurred while Playing Football
Short Papers
Sport and Play - Philosophical Interpretations
Approaches to an Interpretation of High-Performance Sport
Basic Principles of an Interpretation of High-Performance Sport
Short Papers and Discussion
Sport from the Viewpoint of Phenomenology
Records and the Man
Short Papers and Discussion
The Interpretation of Sport from the Viewpoint of Philosophical Anthropology
Existential Humanism and Sport
Short Papers and Discussion
Play in Theory and Research
Play: the Mediation of Novelty
Short Papers and Discussion
Leisure Time - Urbanism - Play
Leisure Time - Urbanism - and Games
Discussion
Short Papers
Sport and Physical Education in Developing Countries
Sports Instruction in Developing Countries
The Role of Sport in the Creation of National Identity, and its Contribution to the Search for Understanding between Different Communities and Cultures
Connections between Sports and Tourism in the Economy of Developing Countries
Short Papers and Discussion
Sport and Religions of the World
The Judaic View of Sport
The Islamic Position on Sport
Sport and Religion from the Hindu Viewpoint
The Relation of Body and Spirit in Zen-Buddhism
Author Index
List of Collaborators.