1;Series Editor;6 2;Volume Editor;6 3;Preface;7 4;Contents;9 5;Contributors;12 6;Part I Fluorescence Microscopy;16 6.1;Need for Standardization of Fluorescence Measurements from the InstrumentManufacturer's View;17 6.1.1;1 Introduction;18 6.1.2;2 Standardization - but Which Parameters?;19 6.1.3;3 Overview on Calibration Methods for Confocal Microscopy;22 6.1.4;4 Use of a Thin Fluorescent Film Sample to Determine the Signal- to- Noise Ratio in a Confocal Microscope;23 6.1.5;5 Conclusion;32 6.1.6;References;38 6.2;Characterization and Calibration inWide Field and Sectioned Fluorescence Microscopy SIPcharts;39 6.2.1;1 Introduction;40 6.2.2;2 Image Calibration in Wide Field Fluorescence Microscopy;41 6.2.3;3 Characterization of Sectioning Fluorescence Microscopy (3D) with Thin Uniform Fluorescent Layers: Sectioned Imaging Property or SIPcharts;55 6.2.4;4 Conclusions;66 6.2.5;References;68 6.3;Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy: Considerations and Controls;69 6.3.1;1 Introduction;70 6.3.2;2 The Intensity Dimension;72 6.3.3;3 The Spatial Dimension;86 6.3.4;4 The Temporal Dimension;98 6.3.5;5 Discussion;99 6.3.6;References;100 6.4;Comparability of Fluorescence Microscopy Data and Need for Instrument Characterization of Spectral Scanning Microscopes;103 6.4.1;1 Introduction;104 6.4.2;2 Instrument-Specific Parameters and Quantities Affecting Spectral Measurements in Microscopy;107 6.4.3;3 Comparability of Fluorescence Microscopy Data and Instrument Characterization;108 6.4.4;4 Conclusion, Future Requirements and Challenges;126 6.4.5;References;127 6.5;Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy: Quality Assessment and Standards;131 6.5.1;1 Introduction;132 6.5.2;2 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer;134 6.5.3;3 Instrumentation and Techniques;135 6.5.4;4 Fluorophore Standards;139 6.5.5;5 System Calibration;141 6.5.6;6 Photon Efficiency and Photon Economy;143 6.5.7;7 Acquisition Speed;145 6.5.8;8 Data Quality Assessment and Analysis;146 6.5.9;9 Photobleaching;149 6.5.10;10 Fluorophore Saturation;150 6.5.11;11 Fluorescent Stainings;151 6.5.12;12 Conclusions;152 6.5.13;References;155 7;Part II Single Molecule Spectroscopy;157 7.1;State of the Art and Novel Trends in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy;158 7.1.1;1 Introduction;159 7.1.2;2 General Principles of FCS;161 7.1.3;3 Experimental Aspects;178 7.1.4;4 Nonidealities and Artifacts;180 7.1.5;5 Evaluation of Experimental FCS Data;187 7.1.6;6 Some Application Aspects;192 7.1.7;7 Varieties of FCS and Related Techniques;197 7.1.8;8 Conclusions;202 7.1.9;References;202 7.2;Single Molecule Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and Multiparameter Detection;211 7.2.1;1 Introduction;211 7.2.2;2 Accessible Parameters;212 7.2.3;3 Instrumentation;215 7.2.4;4 Data Analysis in Multiparameter Measurements;218 7.2.5;References;223 8;Part III Fluorescence- Based Microarray Technology: Applications, Future Trends, and Need for Standardization;225 8.1;DNA Microarrays: Applications, Future Trends, and the Need for Standardization;226 8.1.1;1 Introduction;227 8.1.2;2 Microarray Technology;229 8.1.3;3 Microarray Applications;232 8.1.4;4 Future Trends;235 8.1.5;5 Need for Standardization;240 8.1.6;6 Conclusions;245 8.1.7;References;246 8.2;Comparability of Microarray Experiments from the Instrument and the Sample Site and Approaches Towards Standardization;249 8.2.1;1 Introduction;250 8.2.2;2 General Considerations About Microarray Experiments;251 8.2.3;3 Sources of Inconsistency in Microarray Measurements;257 8.2.4;4 Approaches Towards Standardization;258 8.2.5;5 Comparability of Microarray Experiments;263 8.2.6;6 Commercial DNA Microarray Platforms;267 8.2.7;7 Conclusion;270 8.2.8;References;270 8.3;Microarray Technology: Unresolved Issues and Future Challenges froma Regulatory Perspective;274 8.3.1;1 Introduction: The Apparent Lack of Reproducibility;275 8.3.2;2 Microarray Quality-Control Metrics and Thresholds: Assessing Data Quality from Various Perspectives;276 8.3.3;3 Consensus on Data-Analysis Methods: Adequat