_This book, published in cooperation with ESSKA, provides an exhaustive review of the meniscus and its pathology, covering all aspects from the basic science of the normal meniscus to clinical and imaging diagnosis, meniscus repair and meniscectomy, outcomes and complications, postoperative management, and emerging technologies. The book opens by examining in depth aspects such as anatomy, histology, physiology, biomechanics, and physiopathology. Clear guidance is offered on arthroscopy and the classification of meniscal lesions, with consideration of the full range of meniscal pathology, including traumatic lesions, degenerative lesions, root tears, meniscal cysts, and congenital lesions. Choice of treatment in different settings is explained, and the various surgical techniques - meniscectomy, meniscal repair, and reconstruction with allografts - are described in detail with the aid of accompanying videos and with presentation of long-term results. The concluding chapter takes a look into the future of meniscus reconstruction, for example through regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells.

Christophe Hulet, MD, PhD, is Professor in Orthopedics and Traumatology at Caen University Hospital, Caen, France, where he is Head of the Orthopedics Department and Director of the Outpatient Surgical Unit. He has been Surgical College President of CAEN CHU since 2010. Dr. Hulet gained a Master's Degree in Biological Sciences and Medical Anatomy from the University of Caen in 1991. In 1993 he presented his MD thesis on 'cysts of the lateral meniscus' and in the same year he was awarded his Competence in General Surgery and Diploma of Specialized Studies in Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. He subsequently gained his doctorate from the University of Caen and was appointed a University Professor in 2003. Dr. Hulet has held a variety of important positions, including as a member of the Basic Science Committee of ESSKA from 2010 to 2014, a member of the Knee Committee of ESSKA from 2012 to 2014, President of the Arthroscopy Committee of ESSKA from 2014 to 2016, and President of the French Society of Arthroscopy (Société Française d'Arthroscopie) from 2009 to 2011. He is the author of 140 articles in peer-reviewed JCR-listed journals.

1;Foreword;6 2;Foreword Surgery Meniscus Book;8 3;Preface;10 4;Contents;12 5;Part I: Meniscus Basic Science;17 5.1;1: Knee Meniscal Phylogeny and Ontogeny;18 5.1.1;1.1 Introduction;18 5.1.2;1.2 Knee and Meniscal Phylogeny;19 5.1.3;1.3 Meniscal Ontogeny;25 5.1.4;1.4 The Particular Case of Discoid Meniscus;27 5.1.5; Conclusion;28 5.1.6;References;28 5.2;2: Anatomy and Vascularisation;30 5.2.1;2.1 Medial Meniscus;30 5.2.1.1;2.1.1 Overview;30 5.2.1.2;2.1.2 Zone 1;31 5.2.1.3;2.1.3 Zone 2;31 5.2.1.4;2.1.4 Zone 3;32 5.2.1.5;2.1.5 Zone 4;32 5.2.1.6;2.1.6 Zone 5;32 5.2.2;2.2 Connections Between the Medial and the Lateral Meniscus;33 5.2.3;2.3 Lateral Meniscus;33 5.2.3.1;2.3.1 Anterior Root;33 5.2.3.2;2.3.2 Hiatus Popliteus;33 5.2.3.3;2.3.3 Menisco-femoral Ligaments;35 5.2.3.4;2.3.4 Posterior Root;35 5.2.4;2.4 Vascularisation;35 5.2.5;References;36 5.3;3: Histology-Ultrastructure-Biology;37 5.3.1;3.1 Introduction;37 5.3.2;3.2 Overview of the Anatomy and Biomechanics;38 5.3.3;3.3 Ultrastructure, Cells, and Extracellular Matrix;40 5.3.4;3.4 Vascularity and Innervation;43 5.3.5;3.5 From Biology to Repair and Replacement;44 5.3.6; Conclusion;45 5.3.7;References;45 5.4;4: Physiology: Biomechanics;48 5.4.1;4.1 Introduction;48 5.4.2;4.2 Morphology;48 5.4.3;4.3 Material Properties of Meniscal Tissue;51 5.4.3.1;4.3.1 Tensile Material Properties;51 5.4.3.2;4.3.2 Compressive Material Properties;51 5.4.4;4.4 Ligaments;52 5.4.4.1;4.4.1 Meniscotibial Ligaments;52 5.4.4.2;4.4.2 Meniscofemoral Ligaments;53 5.4.4.3;4.4.3 The Deep Medial Collateral Ligament (dMCL);53 5.4.4.4;4.4.4 The Anterior Inter-meniscal Ligament;53 5.4.5;4.5 Functional Biomechanics of the Menisci;53 5.4.5.1;4.5.1 Load Distribution;53 5.4.5.2;4.5.2 Stability;55 5.4.5.3;4.5.3 Meniscal Motion During Knee Flexion;55 5.4.6; Conclusion;56 5.4.7;References;56 5.5;5: Physiopathology of the Meniscal Lesions;59 5.5.1;5.1 Introduction;59 5.5.2;5.2 Anatomy, Biology, and Biomechanics: Relevance on Meniscal Injuries;60 5.5.3;5.3 Traumatic Meniscus Injuries in Younger Population;63 5.5.4;5.4 Degenerative Meniscus Tears in Older Population;67 5.5.5;5.5 Meniscal Tears in Children;68 5.5.6;References;69 5.6;6: Meniscus Basic Science: Synthesis;74 6;Part II: Classification Meniscal Lesions;76 6.1;7: Traumatic Meniscal Lesions;77 6.1.1;7.1 Introduction: Traumatic Versus Degenerative Meniscal Tears;78 6.1.2;7.2 Classification of the Meniscal Tears;78 6.1.2.1;7.2.1 Radial Tears;78 6.1.2.2;7.2.2 Flap or Parrot-Beak Tears;79 6.1.2.3;7.2.3 Peripheral, Longitudinal Tears;79 6.1.2.4;7.2.4 Bucket-Handle Tears;79 6.1.2.5;7.2.5 Horizontal Cleavage Tears;79 6.1.2.6;7.2.6 Complex, Degenerative Tears;81 6.1.2.7;7.2.7 Meniscal Root Lesions (MRTs);81 6.1.3;7.3 International Classification of Meniscal Tears;83 6.1.3.1;7.3.1 Tear Depth;83 6.1.3.2;7.3.2 Rim Width;83 6.1.3.3;7.3.3 Radial Location;83 6.1.3.4;7.3.4 Tear Pattern and Treatment;84 6.1.4;7.4 Traumatic Meniscal Lesion in ACL-Deficient Knee;84 6.1.4.1;7.4.1 Symptomatic Anterior Laxity of the Knee (Functional Instability) in a High-Demand Sports-Active Person;84 6.1.4.2;7.4.2 Anterior Laxity of the Knee Associated with Minor Symptoms in an Active Individual in Low-Demand Sports Activities;85 6.1.4.3;7.4.3 Meniscal Repair or Leave the Meniscal Tear Alone Without Treatment;85 6.1.5;References;87 6.2;8: Degenerative Meniscus Lesions, Cartilage Degeneration, and Osteoarthritis of the Knee;89 6.2.1;8.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Degenerative Meniscus Lesions;89 6.2.2;8.2 The Definition of a Degenerative Meniscal Lesion at Arthroscopy or Magnetic Resonance Imaging;90 6.2.3;8.3 The Prevalence of Degenerative Meniscal Lesions;91 6.2.4;8.4 Degenerative Meniscal Lesions and Knee Symptoms;92 6.2.5;8.5 The Consequences in the Knee by a Degenerative Meniscal Lesion;94 6.2.6;8.6 Knee Osteoarthritis;94 6.2.7;8.7 The Association Between Degenerative Meniscus Lesions and Osteoarthritis;95 6.2.8;8.8 Imaging Assessment of the Degenerate (Osteoarthritis) Knee: Role of Knee Radio