Sustainable Process Engineering
Prospects and Opportunities
Sustainable Process Engineering
Prospects and Opportunities
The vital need for alternative resources and reaction routes, environmentally friendly and economically feasible industrial chemical processes has become a ubiquitous reality. This very timely introductory text covers new materials, processes and industry sectors: nanotechnology, microreactors, membrane separations, hybrid processes, clean technologies, energy savings and safe production of energy, renewables and biotechnology. Some completely new processes for the solid-liquid systems are also discussed in detail, thus creating new opportunities of sustainable development not only in industrial practice.
Andrzej Benedykt Koltuniewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
1;Acknowledgments;5 2;Contents;7 3;1 Inevitability of sustainable development;13 3.1;1.1 The real determinants of our ecosphere;15 3.2;1.2 Material problems of civilization;17 3.3;1.3 The environmental problems of the air;21 3.3.1;1.3.1 Greenhouse effect;21 3.3.2;1.3.2 Acid rain;24 3.3.3;1.3.3 Main air pollutants;26 3.4;1.4 The environmental problems of water;34 3.4.1;1.4.1 The main effects of water pollution;34 3.4.2;1.4.2 Thermal pollution of water;38 3.4.3;1.4.3 Organic contaminants in water;38 3.4.4;1.4.4 Inorganic contaminants in water;39 3.5;1.5 The environmental problems of soil;41 3.6;1.6 Measures to maintain the quality of the environment;43 3.6.1;1.6.1 Environmental conventions;43 3.6.2;1.6.2 Carbon neutral policy;46 3.6.3;1.6.3 Green chemistry concept;49 3.6.4;1.6.4 Clean technologies;50 3.6.5;1.6.5 Sustainable development;53 3.6.6;1.6.6 How to achieve sustainable development;55 4;2 Past and present of process engineering;59 4.1;2.1 The origins and domains of process engineering;59 4.1.1;2.1.1 Early history of process engineering;59 4.1.2;2.1.2 Industrial era of process engineering;62 4.2;2.2 Principles, system and methodology;68 4.2.1;2.2.1 Unit processes concept;68 4.2.2;2.2.2 Conservation laws;71 4.2.3;2.2.3 Analogies between transport of momentum, heat and mass;72 4.2.4;2.2.4 Onsager theorem and analogies between different processes;74 4.2.5;2.2.5 Phenomenological transport equations in unit processes;75 4.2.6;2.2.6 Solution of transport equations by the Laplace transform method;78 4.2.7;2.2.7 Solving the transport equation for semi-permeable surfacesm(membranes);82 4.2.8;2.2.8 Solution of transport equations by numerical methods;84 4.2.9;2.2.9 Flow regimes;86 4.2.10;2.2.10 Residence time distribution;91 4.3;2.3 Dynamic processes;95 4.3.1;2.3.1 Flow of fluids;95 4.3.2;2.3.2 Fluid flow through a fixed bed;100 4.3.3;2.3.3 Rising or falling of particles of one phase in the second phase;102 4.3.4;2.3.4 Bubble flow;104 4.4;2.4 Heat transfer processes;106 4.4.1;2.4.1 Basics of heat transfer;106 4.4.2;2.4.2 Heat conduction through the flat plate in steady-state conditions;107 4.4.3;2.4.3 Heat conduction through the multi-layer plate in steady-state conditions;108 4.4.4;2.4.4 Heat conduction through a cylinder;109 4.4.5;2.4.5 Heat conduction through a sphere;110 4.4.6;2.4.6 Heat convection in one phase during fluid flow;110 4.4.7;2.4.7 Heat radiation;113 4.4.8;2.4.8 Overall heat transfer between fluids in the heat exchanger;115 4.5;2.5 Mass transport processes;116 4.5.1;2.5.1 Diffusive mass transfer processes;116 4.5.2;2.5.2 Counter-current equimolar diffusion;118 4.5.3;2.5.3 Diffusion of the component A by inert component B;119 4.5.4;2.5.4 Statistical-mechanistic model of mass transport;120 4.5.5;2.5.5 Statistical-mechanical theory of membrane transport;122 4.5.6;2.5.6 Diffusional methods of separation;124 4.5.7;2.5.7 Kinetics of mass transport processes;125 4.6;2.6 Kinetics of reactions;138 4.6.1;2.6.1 Chemical reactions;138 4.6.2;2.6.2 Types of chemical bonds;141 4.6.3;2.6.3 Catalysts;142 5;3 Mathematical methods in design;145 5.1;3.1 Dimensional analysis;145 5.1.1;3.1.1 The general method for verifying dimensional independence;145 5.1.2;3.1.2 Modeling of the functions with all dimensionally-independent arguments;146 5.1.3;3.1.3 Modeling of dimensional function with the "dimensionally dependent" arguments;148 5.2;3.2 Identification of mathematical models of processes;152 5.3;3.3 The theory of similarity;155 6;4 Nanoprocesses;161 6.1;4.1 Microreactors;161 6.1.1;4.1.1 Structure and function of microreactors;161 6.1.2;4.1.2 Characteristics of microreactors;163 6.1.3;4.1.3 Microreactor design;164 6.1.4;4.1.4 Applications of microreactors;167 6.1.5;4.1.5 Catalytic reactions in microreactors;170 6.1.6;4.1.6 Microfotoreactors;171 6.1.7;4.1.7 Manufacturers of microreactors;171 6.2;4.2 Membranes and their unlimited opportunities;172 6.2.1;4.2.1 Membrane manufacture;173 6.2.2;4.2.2 Membrane contactors;174 6.2.3;4.2.3 Immobiliz
Koltuniewicz, Andrzej B.
ISBN | 9783110308761 |
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Artikelnummer | 9783110308761 |
Medientyp | E-Book - PDF |
Copyrightjahr | 2014 |
Verlag | Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.KG |
Umfang | 411 Seiten |
Sprache | Englisch |
Kopierschutz | Digitales Wasserzeichen |