Spinal disorders in very young children may be caused by a variety of conditions. The treatment of such conditions is often challenging due to the age of the patient and the progressive nature of the deformity. There also may be associated problems such as congenital anomalies, respiratory insufficiency, and neurological problems. Depending on the etiology of the deformity, these children are often cared for by multiple specialists including pediatricians, pediatric orthopaedists or orthopaedic spine surgeons, neurologists, pediatric surgeons, pediatric neurosurgeons, oncologists, and/or pulmonologists. Health professionals in all of the mentioned disciplines are involved in the management of these patients, which is why compiling a comprehensive textbook that is not limited to orthopedic specialists is essential. This textbook will effectively help to standardize the care of these patients. Furthermore, other professionals such as nurses, physical therapists and healthcare professionals in training are usually not familiar with these conditions and are in need of a reference book to consult when caring for children with spinal deformities.

General

Embryology and Anatomy: Spine/Spinal Cord
Normal Growth of the Spine and Thorax
Biomechanics in the Growing Spine
Genetics
Evaluation of the Growing Child
Clinical Examination
Comorbidities Associated with Early Onset Scoliosis
Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS)
Imaging of the Growing Spine
Back Pain in Children
Pediatric Spinal Infections
Management of Spine Tumors in Young Children
Pediatric Spine Trauma
The Growing Spine and Sports
Spinal Deformity in Metabolic Diseases
Spinal Manifestations of the Skeletal Dysplasias
Syndromic Spinal Deformities in the Growing Child
Spinal Deformities in the Growing Child
Idiopathic Scoliosis: Infantile and Juvenile
Congenital Scoliosis
Treatment of Spinal Deformity in Cerebral Palsy
Myelodysplasia
Spinal Dysraphism
Other Neuromuscular Diseases
Neurofibromatosis
Sagittal Plane Deformities in Growing Children
Spondylolisthesis
Management of Spinal Deformity in the Growing Child: Non-Surgical
Casting for Early Onset Scoliosis
Orthotic Management for Infantile and Juvenile Scoliosis
Halo-Gravity Traction
Crankshaft Phenomena Following Spinal Fusion in the Growing Child
Convex Growth Arrest for Congenital Scoliosis
Kyphectomy in Myelomeningocele
Hemivertebrectomy
Vertebral Osteotomy
Vertebral Resection
Single Growing Rods
Dual Growing Rods
VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty
Revision Spine Surgery in the Growing Child
Anesthesia and Postoperative Management of Spinal Deformity Surgery in Growing Children
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Corrective Spine Surgery in the Growing Child
Nursing Care
Long-Term Effects of Instrumented Fusion in Growing Children
Outcomes in Children with Early Onset Scoliosis
Current Research inGrowth Modulation and Future Outlook
Non-Fusion Anterior Stapling
Spinal External Fixation
Magnetic Powered Extensible Rod for Thorax or Spine
Growth Guided Instrumentation: Shilla Procedure
Hybrid Distraction-Based Growing Rods
Basic Science and Future Clinical Perspective.