1;Foreword;5 2;Table of Contents;6 3;List of Contributors;8 4;1 The Importance of European Registers in Respect to Infections in Arthroplasty;10 5;2 Increasing Incidence of Infected THA in Norway Despite Improved Antibiotic Prophylaxis;12 5.1;Methods Introduction;12 5.2;Results;13 5.3;Discussion;14 5.4;Conclusions;14 5.5;References;15 6;3 Update from the Swedish Arthroplasty Registers with Special Reference to Infections;16 6.1;Material Introduction;16 6.2;Results;18 6.3;Discussion;20 6.4;Conclusion;20 6.5;References;20 7;4 Status and Prospect of an European Arthroplasty Register ( EAR);22 7.1;Possible Prospects for EAR and International Approaches to Arthroplasty Registers Online Solution to Bring Together Research Findings and Proposals for Collaborative, Interdisciplinary and Multi- Register Studies;22 7.2;Introduction;22 7.3;Humans Resources: Learning Curve, Training and Surgeon Shortage;23 7.4;Registers - Determine a Way to Finance It;23 7.5;Industry Product Database;24 7.6;Conclusion;24 7.7;References;24 8;5 The Infected Implant - Microbiology and Clinical Strategies;25 8.1;Management of Prosthetic Joint Infection;25 8.2;Pathophysiology of Joint Infections;25 9;6 Infection of Joint Prosthesis and Local Drug Delivery;27 9.1;Introduction;27 9.2;Prevalence, Nature and Consequences of Periprosthetic Infection;27 9.3;Diagnosis and Therapy of Periprosthetic Infection;28 9.4;Local Antibiotic Delivery Systems;29 9.5;Prophylactic Measures Against Colonization and Development of Biofilm;32 9.6;References;33 10;7 Clinical Strategy for the Treatment of Deep Infection of Hip Arthroplasty;35 10.1;Single Antibiotic Therapy ( Chronic Suppressive Therapy);39 10.2;Debridement and Rinse Lavage;39 10.3;One-Stage Exchange;41 10.4;Two-Stage Exchange;42 10.5;Resection Arthroplasty;46 10.6;Conclusions;47 10.7;References;48 11;8 Infection after Total Knee Artroplasty: Diagnosis, Management Strategies and Outcomes;51 11.1;Classification of Infection;51 11.2;Identifying Organisms;51 11.3;Management Options;51 11.4;Introduction;51 11.5;Diagnosis of Infection;51 11.6;Materials and Methods;52 11.7;Results/Clinical Studies Diagnosis of Infection;52 11.8;Classification of Infection;53 11.9;Infecting Organisms ( and Host Factors);53 11.10;Management Options Antibiotic Suppression +/- Debridement;55 11.11;Resection Arthroplasty;55 11.12;Single-Stage Treatment;55 11.13;Two-Stage Treatment;56 11.14;Discussion;63 11.15;Conclusion;65 11.16;References;65 12;9 Spacer Management in Periprosthetic Infections;68 12.1;Introduction;68 12.2;Non-Articulating Spacers;69 12.3;Articulating Spacers Spacer Prosthesis;71 12.4;All PMMA Spacers;71 12.5;Concerns;73 12.6;Advantages of Mobile Spacers;75 12.7;Conclusion;76 12.8;References;77 13;10 Observational Study of Bone Cement with Two Antibiotics in Revision Arthroplasty of Knee and Hip;79 13.1;Introduction;79 13.2;Methods;80 13.3;Results Reasons for Revision;81 13.4;Preoperative Symptoms and Diagnoses Revision Operation;81 13.5;Postoperative Situation;83 13.6;Rehabilitation and Result of Revision;84 13.7;Discussion;84 13.8;Literature;87 14;11 Treatment of an Infected Joint Prosthesis: Difficult Challenge for an Orthopedist Surgeon;89 15;12 Low- Grade Infection and Multiresistant Gram- Positive Cocci;91 15.1;Diagnosis of Low- Grade Infections Introduction;91 15.2;Isolated Microorganisms;92 15.3;Emergence of Resistance;92 15.4;Biofilm;93 15.5;Treatment of Low- Grade Infections;93 15.6;References;94 16;13 Antibiotic Strategies in Septic Arthroplasties;96 16.1;Metals;96 16.2;Treatment;96 16.3;Introduction;96 16.4;Biomaterials Reduce Immune System Efficiency Polymethylmetacrylate ( PMMA);96 16.5;Biofilm Biofilm Formation;97 16.6;Demonstrating Biofilm in Orthopaedic Infection;97 16.7;Biofilm as a Defensive Barrier;97 16.8;Treatment of Biofilms;97 16.9;Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA for Biofilm;98 16.10;Intracellular Bacteria Crisis of Classical Immune Mechanisms;98 16.11;Facultative Intracellular;98 16.12;Demonstration of Intracellular