There are few industries in today's world as dynamic and dramatically changing as the space sector, with new ventures and initiatives being announced on a daily basis. As well as emerging countries improving their launching and manufacturing capabilities, private actors are beginning to join public bodies in the space race, and participating in what is frequently being referred to as the new space era. With fantastic opportunities arising for business and economics, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the space sector, exploring recent initiatives, and the most important areas of investment in the industry, including emerging fields of activities such as asteroid mining and space tourism. It also addresses traditional and non-traditional security issues in the sector, together with discussing their legal implications. This interdisciplinary book provides insights for practitioners and researchers alike, particularly those involved in technology and innovation management, emerging markets, international relations, and security studies.

Stefania Paladini is a Reader in Economics and Global Security at Birmingham City Business School, Birmingham City University, UK. Before joining academia in 2008, she worked for the Italian Central Government for fifteen years, seven of which were spent in East Asia as a trade commissioner. She has published widely in international affairs, traditional and non-traditional security issues, and area studies.

1;Acknowledgements;5 2;Contents;6 3;Acronyms;9 4;List of Figures;11 5;List of Tables;13 6;List of Case Studies;14 7;1 Introduction;16 8;2 A Snapshot of Space: 2018;22 8.1;2.1 The State and Size of the World's Space Sector: A Snapshot;22 8.2;2.2 A Brief History of the Space Race;27 8.3;2.3 The Global Space Industry in Evolution: A Composite Sector;31 8.4;2.4 National Space Agencies: Old Concept, New Aims;36 8.5;2.5 The Twenty-First Century: A Cooperative Space;42 8.6;References;52 9;3 The Business of Space;57 9.1;3.1 The Business of Space: General Considerations;57 9.2;3.2 The Star of the Sector: The Satellite Industry;61 9.3;3.3 Upstream Space: The Launching Industry;69 9.4;3.4 New Actors for a Changing Sector: The Rise of the Private Spaceflight Operators;75 9.5;References;87 10;4 Europe in Space and the Space in Europe: A Complex Relationship;89 10.1;4.1 A Strategy for Europe: The EU's Space Policy;89 10.2;4.2 The Space Sector in Europe;95 10.3;4.3 The European Space Agency (ESA);100 10.4;4.4 The UK: A Space Power Between the EU and ESA;107 10.5;4.5 Russia: From Sputnik to Roscosmos;111 10.6;References;123 11;5 Beyond Europe: Space Powers Around the World;127 11.1;5.1 The USA;127 11.2;5.2 The Rising (Red) Star in the Space Sector: China;138 11.3;5.3 Japan and India;144 11.3.1;5.3.1 Japan;144 11.3.2;5.3.2 India;146 11.4;5.4 The Rest of the World;148 11.4.1;5.4.1 Canada;148 11.4.2;5.4.2 Brazil;149 11.4.3;5.4.3 New Zealand;151 11.5;References;161 12;6 Space Diplomacy: Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Issues;167 12.1;6.1 Space Security or Security in Space? An Introduction;167 12.2;6.2 International Relations and Space Governance;170 12.3;6.3 The Weaponisation of Space in the Twenty-First Century;174 12.4;6.4 Non-Traditional Security Issues (NTSI) in Space: A Growing Problem;178 12.5;6.5 NTSI: Debris in LEO and Space Readiness Plans;184 12.6;References;196 13;7 The Legal Dimensions of Space;201 13.1;7.1 The Fundamental Treaties of International Space Law;201 13.2;7.2 The "Outer Space Treaty" (OST) of 1967;207 13.3;7.3 Regulating Space Activities;211 13.4;7.4 International Trade and Space;215 13.5;7.5 The States and Their Citizens: National Space Laws;219 13.5.1;7.5.1 USA34;220 13.5.2;7.5.2 Luxembourg36;221 13.5.3;7.5.3 Japan40;223 13.5.4;7.5.4 The UK46;224 13.5.5;7.5.5 China50;225 13.6;References;236 14;8 A Changing Space: Trends of the Twenty-First Century;241 14.1;8.1 The Present and Future Telescope;241 14.2;8.2 Mining in Space;245 14.3;8.3 The Future of Space Tourism;249 14.4;8.4 The Next Satellite Generation: CubeSat;254 14.5;References;270 15;9 Beyond Space Fiction;274 15.1;9.1 Exploring Our Neighbourhood;274 15.1.1;9.1.1 The Moon;278 15.1.2;9.1.2 Mars;281 15.1.3;9.1.3 Venus;283 15.2;9.2 Farther Away: The Rest of the Heliosphere;284 15.2.1;9.2.1 Gas Giants and Their Moons;284 15.2.2;9.2.2 Uranus and Neptune;286 15.2.3;9.2.3 Comets, Asteroids, Dwarf Planets and Going Towards the Sun;287 15.3;9.3 Colonies;288 15.4;9.4 The Search for Alien Life: Hunting Exoplanets;293 15.5;References;306 16;10 Conclusions;311 17;Timeline of Space Exploration;315 18;Index;321