1;List of Contents;6 2;Abstract;8 3;Abbreviations;10 4;1 Introduction;16 4.1;1.1 Hemiballism;16 4.2;1.2 Early Subthalamic Research;17 4.3;1.3 Ballism and the Subthalamic Nucleus;19 5;2 Cytology of the Subthalamic Nucleus;21 5.1;2.1 Neuronal Types Present in the Subthalamic Nucleus;23 5.2;2.2 Ultrastructural Features of Subthalamic Nucleus Terminal Boutons;26 5.3;2.3 Cytochemistry of the Subthalamic Nucleus;31 6;3 Ontogeny of the Subthalamic Nucleus;39 6.1;3.1 Development of the Subthalamic Cell Cord;39 6.2;3.2 Early Development of Subthalamic Connections;44 7;4 Topography of the Rat, Cat, Baboon and Human Subthalamic Nucleus;45 7.1;4.1 The Rat Subthalamic Nucleus: Cytoarchitecture;45 7.2;4.2 The Cat Subthalamic Nuclear Area: Sagittal Topographic Borders;47 7.3;4.3 The Baboon Subthalamic Area: Nuclei and Tracts;49 7.4;4.4 The Human Subthalamic Nucleus: Topography;55 7.5;4.5 Ageing of the Human STN;62 8;5 Connections of the Subthalamic Nucleus;63 8.1;5.1 Overview of the Mature Connections;63 8.2;5.2 Afferent and Efferent Human Connections;65 8.3;5.3 Raphe Connections to Subthalamic Nucleus;88 8.4;5.4 The Thalamo-Subthalamic Connections;89 8.5;5.5 The Subthalamic-Central Grey Connections;89 8.6;5.6 The Colliculus Superior Connections;90 8.7;5.7 The Nigro-Subthalamic Connections;90 9;6 Nigro-Subthalamic Connections in the Rat;91 9.1;6.1 Introduction;91 9.2;6.2 Materials and Methods;91 9.3;6.3 Results;92 9.4;6.4 Discussion;100 10;7 Appendix 1;102 10.1;7.1 Description of the Human Pathology Cases Used in this Study;102 11;8 Appendix 2;103 11.1;8.1 Häggqvist and/or Nauta-Gygax Staining;103 11.2;8.2 Häggqvist and Klüver-Barrera Staining;104 11.3;8.3 Interpretation of the Staining;104 12;References;105 13;Index;130