This book presents as teaching files a collection of cases of thyroid and parathyroid diseases seen at various high-volume endocrinology centers. The cases, most of which are accompanied by instructive images, have been selected in order to impart clinically relevant knowledge on the full range of endocrine disorders of thyroid and parathyroid origin. Accordingly, the book covers not only situations that are frequently encountered by the clinician in primary care, but also uncommon disorders and unusual presentations of common disorders. The comprehensive nature of the coverage will assist in resolving diagnostic dilemmas, and the reader will also find up-to-date information on disease management. The recommendations provided are based on current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and are supported by relevant literature so as to harmonize available evidence-based protocols with current clinical practice. Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases: A Case-Based Guide is designed to be thought provoking and to aid knowledge retention. Written by renowned experts in nuclear medicine, clinical endocrinology, oncology, and general surgery, it will appeal to specialists and residents in these fields.

PART I. BENIGN THYROID DISEASES:Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a case with multinodular goiter

Factitious hyperthyroidism
Management of Resistant Hyperthyroidism Following Obesity Surgery
Toxic multinodular goiter  in a patient who has been followed up with the diagnosis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and has normal TSH values
Acut suppurative  thyroiditis
Graves Ophtalmopathy
Surgery in Graves disease
Surgery in Hyperthyrodism: Toxic adenoma and/or multinodular goiter
A Case of Sarcoidosis, Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, and Graves' Disease in the Thyroid Gland
A patient presenting with an incidentally found hypermetabolic  thyroid nodule on FDG-PET/CT
Management of a thyroid nodule hypoactive on thyroid scintigraphy and has egg shell calcification on USG
Percutaneous ethanol injection  in a patient with cystic thyroid nodule
Fibrin injection in hemorrhagic cystic thyroid nodule
Should calcitonin be measured in every thyroid nodule ?
The role of thyroid scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in patients with normal TSH
Incidentally detected thyroid follicular adenoma on myocard perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m MIBI
Follicular neoplasia
A gray zone in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: AUS-FLUS
Is surgery the treatment of choice for every thyroid nodule?
Follow-up of nodular-multinodular goiter: When should the operation be performed?
Recurrent Nodular Goiter
Intrathoracic goiter
Persistent hypothyroidism despite Levothyroxine replacement therapy: Malabsorption or patient noncompliance
Malpractice and ethical violations in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Application of Ultrasound by the Surgeon in Thyroid-Parathyroid Surgery
Intraoperative nerve monitorization
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroid Surgery with Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring
PART II.  THYROID CANCER: Preoperative cervical  US mapping  in a patient undergoing thyroidectomy for malignant cytologic findings
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Microcarcinoma
A patient presented with extensive lung metastases of papillary carcinoma without any primary focus detected on total thyroidectomy
Thyrotoxicosis caused by functioning metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with central lymph node metastases
A case of Papillary Cancer of the Thyroid with Minimal Extra-thyroidal Extension
Therapeutic Neck Dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer: To Whom and To What Extent?
Prophylactic unilateral neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer
Surgical treatment  of locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer
Completion thyroidectomy in a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer
18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging of differentiated  thyroid cancer
A Case of a Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Gross Residual Disease After Surgery
The effect of positive surgical margins afterthyroidectomy on patient prognosis in cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Low-dose radioiodine  therapy in well differentiated carcinoma
Dosimetric approach in metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer and  hyperthyroidism
Anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity during follow-up of a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer
A patient with differentiated thyroid cancer with Tg values constantly above normal  but  not increasing gradually
A Patient with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and biochemical incomplete response with gradually increasing Tg values and negative imaging studies
Rosiglitazone effect on radioiodine uptake in a case of dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma
Management of recurrent lymph nodes in central and lateral neck in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma 
Minimally invasive follicular carcinoma
Follicular thyroid cancer and bone metastasis
Differentiated thyroid cancer and brain metastasis
Differentiated thyroid cancer and pulmonary metastasis
Targeted systemic therapy may be promising in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Targeted systemic therapy in  patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma with Iodine-Avid Bone Metastases Showing Mild Uptake on Both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT
Somatostatin receptor imaging in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Anaplastic carcinoma
The Clinical Management of a Patient with Insular Thyroid Carcinoma
Prophylactic and therapeutic surgery in familial medullary thyroid cancer
Sporadic Medullary Cancer
Concurrent papillary thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hurthle cell carcinoma
Thyroid lymphoma
Radioiodine therapy during breastfeeding
A child  with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Role of Radioactive Iodine Therapy in pediatric patients
Pediatric PTC with diffuse lung metastases: pulmonary function testingand steroid therapy prior to RAI
PART  III. PARATHYROID DISEASES: Ectopic parathyroid adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma which was negative on Tc99m-MIBI scintigraphy and considered as paratracheal lymphadenopathy on other imaging studies
Brown tumor due to primary hyperparathyroidism disguised as lung cancer in a patient with rib lesions
Radiofrequency ablation in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism
Clinical usefulness of an intraoperative "quick parathyroid hormone" measurement in primary hyperparathyroidism management
Robot-assisted Endoscopic Mediastinal Parathyroidectomy
Focused parathyroidectomy
Subtotal glandectomy in Hyperparathyroidism
Success of reoperative neck surgery in persistent hyperparathyroidism
Postoperative hyperparathyroidism in differentiated  thyroid cancer.