Nuclear hormone receptors are not only important drug targets, but have also been the focus of decades of active and highly insightful research. Ten years ago, a review on nuclear receptors was entitled "The Second Decade" and a special issue of Molecular Endocrinology in 2005 dealt with the results of these research efforts. The consensus from nuclear receptor research was of course that the signaling pathways mediated by these receptors warrant further research, even though in principle they appeared to represent the most immediate, seemingly simple signaling pathway from hormone (ligand) binding to gene expression changes. In nuclear receptor molecular biology, estrogen receptor research has additional unique facets: since the discovery of ethinyl estradiol by Inhoffen and Hohlweg in the laboratories of Schering AG in the 1930s-and therefore several decades longer than nuclear receptor - searchitself-estrogenreceptorshavebeentargetsofwidelyused,orally administered drugs. Thus, accumulating clinical experience on estrogen action in vivo helps to support the progress in molecular biological research.

Interfering with the Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor-Regulated Transcription

Actions of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors in Nonclassical Target Tissues
Genetic Dissection of Estrogen Receptor Signaling In Vivo
Of Mice and Men: The Many Guises of Estrogens
Estradiol Action in Atherosclerosis and Reendothelialization
Functional Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Subtype-Selective ER? and ER? Agonists in the Cardiovascular System
Pathogenesis and Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The Role of ER? and ER? in theProstate: Insights from Genetic Models and Isoform-Selective Ligands
Preclinical Characterization of Selective Estrogen Receptor ? Agonists: New Insights into Their Therapeutic Potential
Exploiting Nongenomic Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Signaling for the Development of Pathway-Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligands.