1;Preface;6 2;Short Biography of the Editors;8 3;Table of Contents;12 4;I Essentials;22 4.1;1 Arthritis of the Knee: Diagnosis and Management;24 4.2;2 Knee Arthroplasty to Maximize the Envelope of Function;35 4.3;3 Functional Anatomy of the Knee;39 4.4;4 Alignment of the Normal Knee; Relationship to Total Knee Replacement;46 4.5;5 Functional In Vivo Kinematic Analysis of the Normal Knee;53 4.6;6 Gait Analysis and Total Knee Replacement;59 5;II Past Failures;65 5.1;7 The Polyethylene History;66 5.2;8 Failures with Bearings;72 5.3;9 Failures in Patellar Replacement in Total Knee Arthroplasty;78 5.4;10 Experience with Patellar Resurfacing and Non- Resurfacing;86 5.5;11 Failure in Constraint: " Too Much";90 5.6;12 Failure in Constraint: " Too Little";95 5.7;13 Surface Damage and Wear in Fixed, Modular Tibial Inserts: The Effects of Conformity and Constraint;106 5.8;14 Failure in Cam-Post in Total Knee Arthroplasty;111 5.9;15 Flexion Instability;117 5.10;16 Lessons Learned from Cementless Fixation;122 5.11;17 Lessons Learned from Mobile- Bearing Knees;128 6;III Kinematics;135 6.1;18 Understanding and Interpreting In Vivo Kinematic Studies;136 6.2;19 The Importance of the ACL for the Function of the Knee: Relevance to Future Developments in Total Knee Arthroplasty;142 6.3;20 Kinematics of Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty;147 6.4;21 Cruciate Deficiency in the Replaced Knee;162 6.5;22 Kinematic Characteristics of the Unicompartmental Knee;169 6.6;23 In Vitro Kinematics of the Replaced Knee;173 6.7;24 The Virtual Knee;180 7;IV Surgical Technique;184 7.1;25 Optimizing Alignment;186 7.2;26 Assess and Release the Tight Ligament;191 7.3;27 The Technique of PCL Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty;198 7.4;28 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Dynamic PCL Spacer;203 7.5;29 Achieving Maximal Flexion;209 7.6;30 Assess and Achieve Maximal Extension;215 7.7;31 Understanding the Rheumatoid Knee;219 7.8;32 Management of Extra-Articular Deformities in Total Knee Arthroplasty;226 7.9;33 Use of a Tensiometer at Total Knee Arthroplasty;233 7.10;34 Specific Issues in Surgical Techniques for Mobile- Bearing Designs;238 7.11;35 Optimizing Cementing Technique;244 7.12;36 Assessment and Balancing of Patellar Tracking;249 7.13;37 Specific Issues in Surgical Techniques for Unicompartmental Knees;255 8;V Technology;261 8.1;38 Computer-Assisted Surgery: Principles;262 8.2;39 Computer-Assisted Surgery: Coronal and Sagittal Alignment;268 8.3;40 Computer-Assisted Surgery and Rotational Alignment of Total Knee Arthroplasty;275 8.4;41 Imageless Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty;279 8.5;42 Robotics;285 8.6;43 The Unicompartmental Knee: Minimally Invasive Approach;291 8.7;44 Minimally Invasive: Total Knee Arthroplasty;297 8.8;45 The Electronic Knee;303 9;VI Implant Design;310 9.1;46 Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty;312 9.2;47 Bearing Surfaces for Motion Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty;316 9.3;48 The High-Performance Knee;324 9.4;49 Deep Knee Flexion in the Asian Population;332 9.5;50 Fixed-bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty;338 9.6;51 Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty;343 9.7;52 Metallic Hemiarthroplasty of the Knee;347 9.8;53 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty;350 9.9;54 Current Role of Hinged Implants;356 10;VII Materials;363 10.1;55 Biology of Foreign Bodies: Tolerance, Osteolysis, andAllergy;364 10.2;56 Conventional and Cross-Linked Polyethylene Properties;374 10.3;57 Wear in Conventional and Highly Cross- Linked Polyethylene;382 10.4;58 Modular UHMWPE Insert Design Characteristics;386 10.5;59 Oxidized Zirconium;391 11;VIII The Wider Scope;400 11.1;60 Patient Selection and Counseling;402 11.2;61 Pain Management;405 11.3;62 Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Arthroplasty;409 11.4;63 Sports and Activity Levels after Total Knee Arthroplasty;414 12;IX Future Perspectives;420 12.1;64 Conclusions;422