The volume contains the main papers presented at the 1994 EUROTOX Congress, Basel, Switzerland, August 21-24, 1994. Toxicology has become a less descriptive science because more importance has been placed on the mechanisms underlying toxic effects. This is reflected in symposia and workshops devoted to species differences in organ toxicity, receptor-mediated toxicity and stereochemical effects of xenobiotics. Recent progress in the fields of immunotoxicology, ecotoxicology, and neurotoxicology is highlighted and documented together with the present discussion on harmonized regulatory guidelines.

Genetically Modified Cells and Animals in Toxicological Research

Concepts, potentials, methods for constructing transgenic cells and animals - Introduction
Use of recombinant cells in metabolic and mechanistic studies (analysis of pathways)
Applications for transgenic animals in toxicology
The Benchmark Dose Concept
Principles, benefits and limitations of the NOEL approach
Comparison of benchmark doses (BMD) with no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAEL) and low-observed-adverse-effect-levels (LOAEL) for subchronic studies
Bfoindicators in Ecotoxicology
Bioindicators in ecotoxicology: an overview
Use of cytochrome P450 1A in fish as a biomarker of aquatic pollution
Receptor-mediated toxicity
Cellular and molecular biology of aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated gene expression
Inhibitors of the sodium pump: toxins, then drugs, and now hormones
Rodent responses to peroxisome proliferators - a receptor-mediated phenomenon ?
Role of second messengers in mineral particle-induced production of reactive oxygens species by phagocytes
Estrogenic effects of some xenobiotics
In Vitro tests in regulatory toxicology
In Vitro methods in regulatory toxicology: the crucial significance of validation
Scientific, ethical and legal aspects of the acceptance of in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology
The validation and use of in vitro teratogenicity tests
In Vitro methods in regulatory toxicology
In Vitro tests in regulatory toxicology: symposium chairman's summing-up
Ex Vivo and in Vitro Models in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity studies. Relationship between glutathione depletion, oxidative stress and disturbances in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism
Rabbit renal proximal tubule suspensions as a model for nephrotoxicityevaluation of native or in situ metabolized B-lactam antibiotics
Neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by substance abuse
Neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal exposure to substances of abuse - stating the problem
Prenatal exposure to marihuana and tobacco during infancy, early and middle childhood: effects and an attempt at synthesis
Delayed developmental neuro-and immunotoxicity of benzodiazepines
Changes of EEG of freely-moving rats caused by three generation organophosphate treatment
Developmental neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide
Safety assessment of over the counter (OTC) products
The safety assessment of over the counter (OTC) products
OTC pharmaceuticals and genotoxicity testing: the paracetamol, anthraquinone, and griseofulvin cases
Safety assessment of OTC products: doxylamine succinate
Safety assessment of OTC products: a regulatory view
Drug toxicity findings and no action taken
Species specificity of organ toxicity
Species specificity of organ toxicity
Species specificity at the molecular level: the case of nitric oxide synthase
Mechanisms underlying species-specificity in target organ specificity
Species specificity of organ toxicity: behavioral differences
Terrestrial ecotoxicity of chemical substances
Development of OECD test guidelines and hazard assessment procedures for terrestrial effects
Development of guidance for terrestrial effects assessment
Application of quick and simple plant bioassays to assess the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants - Detection of potential health hazards of air, water and soil contaminants
Comparison of susceptibility to chemicals (pesticides) of species used for human and environmental effect assessment
Toxicological evaluation of pollutants in soil -concept of the AGU and assessment of tolerable concentrations for metals
Immunodeflcient mouse systems
The SCID (severe combined immnodeficiency) mouse - its biology and use in immunotoxicological research
The SCID mouse as a tool to bridge the gap between animal and human responses
The SCID mouse and its use in immunopharmacological and immunotoxicological investigations
Stereochemical effects
Chirality - from molecules to organisms
Interactions between the in vitro metabolism of xenobiotics and fatty acids. The case of ibuprofen and other chiral profens
Side effects and toxic reactions of chiral drugs: a clinical perspective
Analysis of (S)-and (R)-propanolol in human plasma and urine by a specific immunoenzymtic assay versus HPLC
Biological behavior of prestages of cancer cells
Biological behavior of prestages of cancer cells: an introduction
Preneoplastic lesions in kidney and carcinogenesis by non-genotoxic compounds
Early cellular alterations in chemical liver carcinogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques
Late Manuscripts
The UK approach to the regulation and evaluation of novel foods produced by biotechnology
Young Scientists Poster Award
Molecular mimikry of CF3CO-lysine by lipoic acid I: the dehydrolipoamide acetyltransferase subunit of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase as autoantigen in halothane hepatitis
Molecular mimikry of CF3CO-lysine by lipoic acid II: lipoic acid bearing proteins as autoantigen in halothane hepatitis.