Echocardiography has been one of the most significant advances in cardiology in the past two decades. It can provide anatomic, functional hemodynamic, and blood flow information. Conventional transtho racic echocardiography has limitations, particularly in certain patients such as those with obesity, chronic lung disease, or chest wall defor mity, or in those where a transthoracic approach is difficult for reasons including trauma, life support apparat uses, and surgical dressings. There are also certain disease states or conditions in which transtho racic echocardiography expectedly gives incomplete or inadequate in formation. Transesophageal echo cardiography has opened a unique "new window to the heart." The immediate proximity of the esophagus and the posterior heart permits exceptionally high resolution images, par ticularly of the left atrium, mitral valve, and intraatrial septum. Addi tionally, from the stomach (trans gastric views), the ventricles can be dependably imaged. Transesophageal echo cardiography presently is utilized in two environments: intraoperatively and for outpatient examinations. Intraoperatively, TEE is utilized to monitor cardiac function and de tect intracardiac air or debris, to diagnose or quantitate cardiac path ology, and to access operative results.

Technology, Normal Examination, Development, Anatomy

Technological Developments of Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Historical Perspective
High-Frequency Annular Array Transesophageal Probe for High-Resolution Imaging and Continuous Wave Doppler Measurements
Recent Technological Progress in Transesophageal Color Doppler Flow Imaging with Special Reference to Newly Developed Biplane and Pediatric Probes
Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomic Correlations
Congenital Heart, Valvular Heart, Ischemic Heart Disease
The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Adolescents and Adults with Congential Heart Disease
Is the Quantification of Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis by Transesophageal Echocardiography Feasible?
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Assessment of the Severity of Aortic Stenosis
Assessment of Etiology and Severity of Mitral Regurgitation by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Is Tricuspid Regurgitation Underestimated as a Clinical Problem in Valvular Heart Disease?
Visualization of the Coronary Artery Using Transesophageal Echocardiography
Masses and Vegetation
Sensitivity and Specificity of Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Vegetations and Abscesses in Infective Endocarditis
Assessment of Anatomical Abnormalities in Prosthetic Valve Malfunction by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Intracardiac Source of Embolism
Cardiac Tumors and Thrombus: Transesophageal Echocardiographic Experience
Aortic Dissection
Transesophageal Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta in Aortic Dissection
Diagnosis of Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm by Transesophageal Color Flow Mapping: Comparison with CT Scanning
Follow-up of Aortic Dissection by Conventional and Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Cooperative Study
Prosthetic Valve Function
Functional Assessment of Polyurethane Valve Prostheses in Calves byTransesophageal Echocardiography
Value and Limitations of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Mitral Valvular Prosthesis
Evaluation of Mitral Prosthesis by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transesophageal Evaluation of Aortic Valve Prostheses
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Critically Ill Patients, Monitoring by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Diagnostic Value of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Critically Ill Patients
Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography
Monitoring During PEEP Ventilation in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Failure Using Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Monitoring During Positive Inotropic Drug Intervention and Balloon Pumping
Transesophageal Doppler Echo Monitoring of Cardiac Function During Assist Circulation
Transesophageal Two-Dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Monitoring of Aortic Valvuloplasty
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observations During Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Operating Room
Automated Contour Detection on Short-Axis Transesophageal Echocardiograms
Continuous and Noninvasive Monitoring of Cardiac Output by Transesophageal Doppler Ultrasound
Monitoring of Cardiac Function During Anesthesia with Two-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
Systolic Pressure-Dimension Relationships and Diastolic Dimensions for Monitoring of Left Ventricular Function
Assessment of Diastolic Function by Transesophageal Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography: Effect of Different Loading Conditions on Mitral Inflow Velocities During Coronary Bypass Surgery
Are Changes in Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure an Indicator for Myocardial Ischemia? Wedge Pressure Related to Electrocardiogram and Transesophageal Echocardiographic Wall Motion Analysis
Transesophageal Echocardiography Versus Epicardial Echo
Monitoring During Noncardiac Surgery
Feasibility and Value of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Anesthetized Children
Assessment of Regional Myocardial Perfusion Using Contrast Echocardiography During Coronary Artery Surgery
Intraoperative Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: An Overview
Transesophageal Echocardiography Adds to Decision Making During Valvular Heart Surgery
Echocardiographic Follow-up After Surgery for Congenital Heart Diseases
Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Perspectives on Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiography: The View of a Cardiologist
Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE): The Surgeon's Perspective
Practicability of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Conscious Patients.