The second half of the twentieth century saw vascu- agree or disagree, but will be stimulated to question lar surgery develop from a necessity for hemostasis their surgical management and explore possible - to a mature reconstructive art. However, this was ac- ternatives. companied by increasing patient expectations and The only certainty of the future is that it will bring the introduction of the alternative techniques of dila- change. An essential requirement for facing that tation and stenting. These factors have helped sur- change is multidisciplinary teamwork, and within geons to focus attention on the need for clinical audit that framework to define the roles of endovascular and to define clearly the limitations and standards of and invasive procedures, as well as the place of m- excellence that should be achieved in the specialty. ical management in the prevention and modification Vascular disease remains an extensive problem in of vascular disease.

Head and Neck

Carotid Endarterectomy
Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy
Carotid Artery Stenting
Carotid Body Tumor
Carotid Aneurysms
Upper Thorax, Root of Neck, and Upper Limb
Surgical Reconstruction for Innominate Artery Occlusive Disease
Carotid-Subclavian Transposition and Carotid-Subclavian Bypass
Vertebral Artery Reconstruction
Transaxillary Thoracic Outlet Decompression
Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndromes and Cervical Sympathectomy
Digital Sympathectomy for Scleroderma
Thoracoscopic Cervical Sympathectomy
Lumbar Sympathectomy
Thoracic Aneurysms
Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Abdominal Aorta and its Branches
Transabdominal Replacement of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Retroperitoneal Replacement of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Endarterectomy of the Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches
Bypass Procedures for Mesenteric Ischemia
Renal Artery Bypass
Lower Limb
to Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease
Aortobifemoral Bypass
Extra-anatomic Revascularization
Descending Thoracic Aorta to Femoral Artery Bypass
to Infrainguinal Revascularization
Exposure of the Lower Extremity Arteries
Femoral to Above Knee Popliteal Prosthetic Bypass
Femoral to Below Knee Popliteal Bypass with Reversed Great Saphenous Vein
Femoral to Posterior Tibial/Peroneal Artery In Situ Bypass
Femoral to Anterior Tibial Artery Bypass with Non-reversed Great Saphenous Vein
Femoro-peroneal PTFE Bypass with Adjunctive AV Fistula/Patch
Vascular Access
Vascular Access
Amputations
Amputations
Venous
Surgery of the Veins
Endovascular Management of Venous Thrombotic and Occlusive Disease
Lymphedema
Lymphedema.