1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;Overview and Highlights of WOLEDs and Organic Solar Cells: From Research to Applications;9 3.1;1 Introduction;10 3.2;2 White Organic Light-Emitting Devices;11 3.2.1;2.1 Advantages of WOLEDs;11 3.2.2;2.2 Efficiency Characterization of WOLEDs;12 3.2.3;2.3 WOLED Architectures;14 3.2.3.1;2.3.1 WOLEDs with Single Emitting Layer;15 3.2.3.2;2.3.2 Phosphorescent WOLEDs;18 3.2.3.3;2.3.3 Hybrid WOLEDs;19 3.2.4;2.4 Challenges of WOLEDs;20 3.2.5;2.5 Lighting for the Future;21 3.3;3 Organic Solar Cells;22 3.3.1;3.1 Basic Working Principle of Organic Photovoltaic Devices;25 3.3.2;3.2 Device Characteristics of an OPV Device;27 3.3.2.1;3.2.1 Short-Circuit Current;28 3.3.2.2;3.2.2 Open-Circuit Voltage;28 3.3.2.3;3.2.3 Fill Factor;28 3.3.2.4;3.2.4 Power Conversion Efficiency;28 3.3.2.5;3.2.5 Incident Photon to Current Efficiency;30 3.3.3;3.3 OPV Device Architecture;30 3.3.3.1;3.3.1 Exciton Blocking Layer;31 3.3.3.2;3.3.2 Optical Spacer;33 3.3.3.3;3.3.3 Bulk Heterojunction;34 3.3.3.4;3.3.4 Low Bandgap Photoactive Materials;36 3.3.3.5;3.3.5 Tandem Structures;37 3.3.4;3.4 Challenges of OPV Devices;38 3.4;4 Conclusions;39 3.5;References;39 4;White-Emitting Polymers and Devices;44 4.1;1 Introduction;45 4.2;2 Characterization of White Polymer Light-Emitting Devices;45 4.2.1;2.1 Color Quality of White Polymer Light-Emitting Devices;45 4.2.2;2.2 Characterization for WPLED Efficiency;47 4.3;3 White Light-Emitting Polymers;51 4.3.1;3.1 WLEPs Containing Blue and Yellow-Orange Chromophores;52 4.3.1.1;3.1.1 Complementary Colors Based WLEPs Utilizing Singlet Exciton;52 4.3.1.2;3.1.2 Complementary Colors Based WLEPs Utilizing both Singlet and Triplet Excitons;55 4.3.2;3.2 WLEPs Containing Blue-, Green-, and Red-Emitting Chromophores;57 4.3.2.1;3.2.1 RGB Primary Colors Based WLEPs Utilizing Singlet Excitons;58 4.3.2.2;3.2.2 RGB Primary Colors Based WLEPs Utilizing both Singlet and Triplet Excitons;60 4.4;4 White Polymer Light-Emitting Devices;64 4.4.1;4.1 WPLEDs Using Dye-Dispersed Polymer Blend;64 4.4.1.1;4.1.1 WPLEDs Using Fluorescent Dye-Dispersed Polymer Blend;64 4.4.1.2;4.1.2 WPLEDs Using Phosphorescent Dye-Dispersed Polymer Blend;68 4.4.2;4.2 WPLEDs from All-Polymer Blends;71 4.4.2.1;4.2.1 WPLEDs from Fluorescent Polymer Blends;71 4.4.2.2;4.2.2 WPLEDs from Phosphorescent Polymer Blends;73 4.4.3;4.3 WPLEDs from Excimer/Exciplex;75 4.4.4;4.4 WPLEDs from Multiple Emissive Layers;77 4.4.5;4.5 WPLEDs with Functional Charge-Injection/Transport Layers;78 4.5;5 Conclusions;83 4.6;References;83 5;Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes for White Organic Light-Emitting Diode Applications;86 5.1;1 Introduction;87 5.2;2 Working Principle for WOLEDs;88 5.2.1;2.1 Mixing Red-Green-Blue;88 5.2.2;2.2 Mixing Complementary Colors;89 5.2.3;2.3 Emitting Materials with Complementary Colors;90 5.3;3 Phosphorescent Platinum(II)-Based Materials;90 5.3.1;3.1 Bidentate Platinum(II) Complexes;92 5.3.1.1;3.1.1 Cyclometalated Platinum(II) beta-diketonato [(C^N)Pt(O^O)] Complexes;92 5.3.1.2;3.1.2 Platinum(II) Di(pyridyl)triazolate [Pt(N^N)2] Complexes;95 5.3.1.3;3.1.3 Platinum(II) Bis(8-hydroxyquinolato) [PtQ2] Complexes;95 5.3.2;3.2 Tridentate Platinum(II) Complexes;97 5.3.2.1;3.2.1 Platinum(II) Di(2-pyridiyl)benzene [Pt(N^C^N)X] Complexes;97 5.3.2.2;3.2.2 Platinum(II) 3-(6-(2-naphthyl)-2-pyridyl)isoquinolinyl [(RC^N^N)PtCl] Complexes;101 5.3.3;3.3 Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes;102 5.3.3.1;3.3.1 Platinum(II) Bis(phenoxy)diimine and Schiff Base Complexes [Pt(N2O2)];102 5.3.4;3.4 Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes;104 5.3.5;3.5 Polymeric Materials;107 5.4;4 Summary;110 5.5;References;110 6;Solid-State Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic Transition Metal Complexes for White Light Generation;112 6.1;1 Introduction;113 6.1.1;1.1 Features of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells;113 6.1.2;1.2 Organization of This Chapter;113 6.2;2 Review of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic Transition Metal Complexes;114 6.2.1;2.1 Increasi