1;Preface;5 2;Acknowledgements;7 3;Contents;8 4;Chemistry and Structure of Cuticles as Related to Water and Solute Permeability;13 4.1;1.1 Polymer Matrix;14 4.2;1.2 Cutin Composition;15 4.3;1.3 Soluble Cuticular Lipids;20 4.4;1.4 Fine Structure of Cuticles;26 4.5;Problems;39 4.6;Solutions;40 5;Quantitative Description of Mass Transfer;43 5.1;2.1 Models for Analysing Mass Transfer;44 5.2;2.2 Steady State Diffusion Across a Stagnant Water Film;50 5.3;2.3 Steady State Diffusion Across a Stagnant Water Film Obstructed by Cellulose and Pectin;51 5.4;2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Solute Across a Dense Non- Porous Membrane;52 5.5;2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane with Changing Concentrations;57 5.6;2.6 Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient from Sorption or Desorption Kinetics;60 5.7;2.7 Summary;63 5.8;Problems;63 5.9;Solutions;63 6;Permeance, Diffusion and Partition Coefficients: Units and Their Conversion;65 6.1;3.1 Units of Permeability;65 6.2;3.2 Diffusion Coefficients;70 6.3;3.3 Partition Coefficients;70 6.4;Problems;72 6.5;Solutions;72 7;Water Permeability;73 7.1;4.1 Water Permeability of Synthetic Polymer Membranes and Polymer Matrix Membranes: A Comparison of Barrier Properties;73 7.2;4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer Matrix Membranes;77 7.3;4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity;80 7.4;4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Permeability as Affected by Cations and Vapour Pressure;86 7.5;4.5 Diffusion and Viscous Transport ofWater: Evidence for Aqueous Pores in Polymer Matrix Membranes;90 7.6;4.6 Water Permeability of Isolated Astomatous Cuticular Membranes;105 7.7;4.7 Permeances of Adaxial and Abaxial Cuticles;130 7.8;4.8 Water Permeability of Isolated Cuticular Membranes as Compared to Intact Leaves;131 7.9;4.9 The Shape of the Water Barrier in Plant Cuticles;132 7.10;Problems;133 7.11;Solutions;134 8;Penetration of Ionic Solutes;137 8.1;5.1 Localisation of Aqueous Pores in Cuticles;138 8.2;5.2 Experimental Methods;141 8.3;5.3 Cuticular Penetration of Electrolytes;145 8.4;5.4 Cuticular Penetration of Fe Chelates;154 8.5;Problems;155 8.6;Solutions;156 9;Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes;157 9.1;6.1 Sorption in Cuticular Membranes, Polymer Matrix, Cutin and Waxes;157 9.2;6.2 Steady State Penetration;165 9.3;6.3 Diffusion with Changing Donor Concentrations: The Transient State;188 9.4;6.4 Simulation of Foliar Penetration;202 9.5;6.5 Diffusion in Reconstituted Isolated Cuticular Waxes;204 9.6;Problems;213 9.7;Solutions;214 10;Accelerators Increase Solute Permeability of Cuticles;217 10.1;7.1 Sorption of Plasticisers inWax and Cutin;218 10.2;7.2 Plasticisation of Cuticular Wax: Evidence from Spectroscopy;224 10.3;7.3 Effects of Plasticisers on Diffusion of Lipophilic Solutes inWax;227 10.4;7.4 Effects of Plasticisers on Transport in Cuticles;234 10.5;7.5 Effects of Plasticisers onWater and Ion Transport;241 10.6;Problems;242 10.7;Solutions;242 11;Effects of Temperature on Sorption and Diffusion of Solutes and Penetration of Water;245 11.1;8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions;245 11.2;8.2 Solute Mobility in Cuticles;251 11.3;8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX;259 11.4;8.4 Thermal Expansion of CM, MX, Cutin andWaxes;263 11.5;8.5 Water Permeability of Synthetic Polymers as Affected by Temperatures;265 11.6;Problems;269 11.7;Solutions;270 12;General Methods, Sources of Errors, and Limitations in Data Analysis;271 12.1;9.1 Isolation of Cuticular Membranes;271 12.2;9.2 Testing Integrity of Isolated CM;273 12.3;9.3 Effects of Holes on Permeance, Rate Constants and Diffusion Coefficients;274 12.4;9.4 Distribution ofWater and Solute Permeability;275 12.5;9.5 Very High or Very Low Partition Coefficients;276 12.6;9.6 Cutin and Wax Analysis and Preparation of Reconstituted CuticularWax;276 12.7;9.7 Measuring Water Permeability;278 12.8;9.8 Measuring Solute Permeability;280 13;Appendix A;287 13.1;SI units used, fundamental constants, abbreviations, and symbols;287 14;Appendix B;291 14.1;Physico-Chemical Properties of Chemicals;291 15;Appendix C;295 16;References;2